Obesity, change of body mass index and subsequent physical and mental health functioning: a 12-year follow-up study among ageing employees

Table 4 Adjusted mean differences in changes in Mental Health Functioning Score (MCS) between phase 1 and phase 3 by different weight change categories

			Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 4
			Phase 1- > Phase 3		Phase 1- > Phase 3		Phase 1- > Phase 3		Phase 1- > Phase 3
BMI (change ≥5%)^a,b		n^d (%)	β	SE	β	SE	β	SE	β	SE
Women	Normal weight
	Stable weight^c	1538 (33)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	Weight gain	893 (19)	0.3	0.5	0.3	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.3	0.5
	Overweight
	Stable weight	786 (17)	−0.1	0.5	−0.2	0.5	−0.2	0.5	−0.1	0.5
	Weight gain	470 (10)	0.1	0.6	0.1	0.6	0.1	0.6	0.9	0.6
	Obese
	Stable weight	270 (6)	−0.5	0.8	−0.7	0.8	−0.6	0.8	−0.5	0.8
	Weight gain	188 (4)	−0.2	0.9	−0.2	0.9	−0.1	0.9	−0.2	0.9
	All
	Weight loss	500 (11)	−0.7*	0.6	−0.8	0.6	−0.6	0.6	−0.7	0.6
Men	Normal weight
	Stable weight^c	293 (29)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	Weight gain	102 (10)	−0.1	1.3	0.0	1.3	−0.2	1.3	−0.3	1.3
	Overweight
	Stable weight	277 (27)	0.4	0.9	0.3	0.9	0.4	0.9	0.4	0.9
	Weight gain	107 (11)	0.3	1.3	0.5	1.3	0.2	1.3	0.2	1.3
	Obese
	Stable weight	68 (7)	1.0	1.5	0.9	1.5	0.4	1.5	0.9	1.5
	Weight gain	36 (4)	−2.0	2.0	−2.1	2.0	−2.1	2.0	−2.0	2.0
	All
	Weight loss	140 (14)	−0.5	1.2	−0.5	1.1	−0.6	1.1	−0.6	1.2

Model 1: Adjusted for age
Model 2: Adjusted for age and socio-demographic factors (marital status, socioeconomic position, and employment status)
Model 3: Adjusted for age and health behaviours (smoking, problem drinking and physical activity)
Model 4: Adjusted for age and somatic ill-health
*p < 0.05
^a Body mass index (BMI): normal weight 18.5–24.9 kg/m ² , overweight 25–29.9 kg/m ² , and obese ≥30 kg/m ²
^b BMI change ≥5% (Phase 1–2)
^c Reference group

ISSN: 1471-2458