Table 3 Mediation effect of home setting factors on association between parental education and preschoolers’ screen timea b
Potential Mediator (N)b | Parental Educational Level | Direct Effect β (95% CI) | a-pathc β (95% CI) | b-pathd β (95% CI) | Indirect Effect β (95% CI)* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Access to screens at home (N = 777) | Low | 14.42 (5.14–23.71) | −0.06 (−0.29–0.16) | 4.32 (0.88–7.76) | −0.27 (−1.28–0.74) |
Middle | 7.10 (−1.08–15.27) | −0.00 (−0.21–0.20) | 0.00 (−0.89–0.88) | ||
High (reference) | |||||
Descriptive norms for children’s screen time (N = 788) | Low | 9.36 (0.52–18.20) | 9.72 (2.30–17.13) | 0.48 (0.37–0.58) | 4.61 (1.03–8.19) |
Middle | 1.25 (−6.50–9.00) | 11.84 (5.42–18.26) | 5.62 (2.25–8.99) | ||
High (reference) | |||||
Satisfaction of children’s screen time (N = 789) | Low | 15.27 (6.16–24.37) | 0.07 (−0.13–0.28) | −12.66 (−16.23 – −9.08) | −0.94 (−3.55–1.67) |
Middle | 7.15 (−0.85–15.15) | 0.01 (−0.16–0.19) | −0.18 (−2.39–2.03) | ||
High (reference) | |||||
Rules for limiting children’s screen time (N = 784) | Low | 14.22 (4.93–23.50) | 0.01 (−0.08–0.10) | 9.27 (0.89–17.66) | 0.12 (−0.70–0.95) |
Middle | 7.20 (−1.06–15.45) | −0.01 (−0.08–0.10) | −0.08 (−0.83–0.67) | ||
High (reference) | |||||
Parental use of screens in front of children (N = 789) | Low | 9.36 (0.50–18.22) | 0.27 (0.12–0.42) | 16.95 (12.44–21.45) | 4.61 (1.90–7.32) |
Middle | 3.75 (−4.24–10.45) | 0.19 (0.05–0.33) | 3.28 (0.80–5.77) | ||
High (reference) | |||||
Parental importance for limiting children’s screen time (N = 786) | Low | 10.95 (1.72–20.19) | −0.11 (−0.21 – −0.01) | −19.31 (−26.41 – −12.20) | 3.01 (0.65–5.48) |
Middle | 4.82 (−3.23–12.88) | −0.16 (−0.27 – −0.05) | 2.17 (−0.04–4.31) | ||
High (reference) | |||||
Parental attitude toward societal pressures for screen time (N = 788) | Low | 12.44 (3.15–21.73) | 0.34 (0.19–0.49) | 5.85 (1.53–10.16) | 1.99 (0.34–3.63) |
Middle | 5.92 (−2.43–14.27) | 0.15 (0.01–0.29) | 0.89 (−0.15–1.93) | ||
High (reference) | |||||
Parental self-efficacy for limiting children’s screen time (N = 789) | Low | 15.95 (6.87–25.03) | −0.12 (−0.26–0.03) | 16.73 (11.93–21.54) | −1.99 (−4.46–0.48) |
Middle | 7.47 (−0.54–15.47) | −0.01 (−0.14–0.12) | −0.17 (−2.39–2.05) | ||
High (reference) |