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Table 2 Threshold model estimates

From: The effects of a rise in cigarette price on cigarette consumption, tobacco taxation revenues, and of smoking-related deaths in 28 EU countries-- applying threshold regression modelling

 

Dependent variable: (lnC* it)

 

Single-income threshold model

Double-income threshold model

Independent variables

 ln P* it

  Regime1(GNIitUS$5418)

−1.315 b (−0.737,-1.893)

−1.227 b(−0.667,-1.787)

  Regime2(GNIit > US$5418)

−0.638 b (−0.427,-0.849)

 

  Regime2(US$5418 < GNIitUS$8385)

 

−0.829 b (−0.628,-1.030)

  Regime3(GNIit > US$8385)

 

−0.503 b (−0.291,-0.715)

 lnGNI* it

  Regime1(GNIitUS$5418)

0.332 b (0.596,0.069)

0.282 b (0.530,0.033)

  Regime2(GNIit > US$5418)

0.596 b (0.827, 0.366)

 

  Regime2(US$5418 < GNIitUS$8385)

 

0.423 b (0.685,0.261)

  Regime3(GNIit > US$8385)

 

0.576 b (0.787,0.336)

 MP* it

−0.021 b (−0.006,-0.035)

−0.017 b (−0.003,-0.032)

 Rural* it

1.637 b (3.006,0.269)

1.616 b (2.830,0.402)

 lnNeiP* it

0.031 (0.184,-0.122)

−0.057 (0.083,-0.197)

Observations

252

252

Number of country

28

28

Sum of square error (SSE)

0.355

0.311

Test for one threshold (income threshold) γ1

43.66 a (5418)

 

Test for two thresholds (income threshold) γ2

 

36.61 a (6494,32,040)

  1. Regime 1 countries: Bulgaria, Romania
  2. Regime 2 countries: Latvia, Poland
  3. Regime 3 countries: Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom
  4. P * legal cigarette price, GNI * per capita national income, Rural * rural population %, MP * the number of MPOWER measures at the highest level of achievement. Confidence intervals are shown in parentheses
  5. aStatistically significant at 10% level
  6. bStatistically significant at 5% level