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Table 4 Validation characteristics of Verbal Autopsy (VA) procedures for 10 leading site-specific cancer deaths in the study sample

From: Validation of verbal autopsy: determination of cause of deaths in Malaysia 2013

Cause of death

Medical record (MR) diagnoses

Verbal autopsy (VA) diagnoses

Validation scores for VA

Sensitivity

PPV

CSMF change in VA (%)a

Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer

58

60

75.9

73.3

3.4

Cancer of colon, rectum and anus

28

37

71.4

54.1

32.1

Breast cancer

34

36

94.1

88.9

5.9

Liver cancer

25

22

68.0

77.3

−12.0

Leukaemia

20

16

60.0

75.0

−20.0

Stomach cancer

8

14

75.0

42.9

75.0

Lip, oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer

8

11

75.0

54.5

37.5

Cervix cancer

6

8

83.3

62.5

33.3

Brain cancer

12

8

58.3

87.5

−33.3

Pancreatic cancer

8

6

62.5

83.3

−25.0

  1. aindicates the change in cause-specific mortality fractions (CSMF) from VA
  2. Positive change indicates over diagnosis by VA; Negative change indicates under diagnosis by VA