Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of the study population in Astana region, Kazakhstan
Variable name | Astana city (urban) | Akmol village (rural) | Both |
|---|---|---|---|
Total number of participants | N = 480 | N = 474 | N = 954 |
Sex, (%) | |||
Males | 45.8% | 41.4% | 43.6% |
Females | 54.2% | 58.7% | 56.4% |
Age mean, (SD) | 61.2 (7.3) | 60.3 (7.3) | 60.7 (7.3) |
Total cholesterol (mmol/l), mean (SD) | 5.89 (1.51) | 5.44 (1.09) | 5.67 (1.34) |
LDL-C (mmol/l), mean (SD) | 3.71 (0.97) | 3.52 (0.96) | 3.62 (0.97) |
HDL-C (mmol/l), mean (SD) | 1.30 (0.36) | 1.46 (0.40) | 1.38 (0.39) |
TG (mmol/l), mean (SD) | 1.66 (1.08) | 1.52 (1.04) | 1.59 (1.06) |
Diabetes prevalence, (%) | 16.3% | 8.7% | 12.5% |
Arterial Hypertension prevalence, (%) | 70.3% | 74.1% | 72.2% |
BMI, mean (SD) | 29.8 (4.9) | 29.2 (5.3) | 29.5 (5.1) |
BMI categories, (%) | |||
18.50 - 24.99 (normal) | 13.4% | 20.3% | 16.8% |
25.00 - 29.99 (pre-obese) | 40.6% | 37.9% | 39.3% |
Over 30 (obese) | 46.0% | 41.7% | 43.9% |
Waist–hip ratio, (%) ≥0.9 in men and ≥0.85 in women | 81.7% | 61.7% | 71.7% |
Smoking status | |||
Current smoker | 17.4% | 13.9% | 15.6% |
Ex-smoker | 21.6% | 16.5% | 19.0% |
Non-smoker | 61.0% | 69.7% | 65.3% |
Marital status, (%) | |||
Married | 73.1% | 73.7% | 73.4% |
Unmarried | 26.9% | 26.3% | 26.6% |
Education, (%) | |||
1 Primary | 36.3% | 39.2% | 37.7% |
2 Secondary | 21.3% | 45.3% | 33.2% |
3 Higher | 42.5% | 15.5% | 29.2% |
Car ownership, (%) | |||
No | 38.8% | 50.9% | 44.8% |
Yes | 61.2% | 49.1% | 55.2% |
Ethnicity, (%) | |||
Kazakhs | 57.5% | 58.4% | 58.0% |
Russians | 26.0% | 27.2% | 26.6% |
Others | 16.5% | 14.4% | 15.4% |
Deprivation level, (%) | |||
high level of deprivation | 26.9% | 26.2% | 26.6% |
Intermediate level of deprivation | 29.4% | 33.8% | 31.6% |
low level of deprivation | 43.6% | 40.0% | 41.8% |