Table 3 Association between individual behaviors, parent influences, and home environment factors and overweight/obesity and WHtR ≥ 0.5 in adolescents (n = 3671)

Adolescent behaviors

Does eat breakfast daily

1.0

1.0

1.0

Do not eat breakfast daily

1.51 (1.25, 1.83)

0.001

1.42 (1.16, 1.74)

0.001

1.42 (1.15, 1.77)

0.001

1.37 (1.09, 1.73)

0.007

Eats dinner in front of TV <5/week

1.0

1.0

1.0

Eats dinner in front of TV ≥5/week

1.08 (0.88, 1.34)

0.464

1.02 (0.83, 1.27)

0.839

1.18 (0.89, 1.56)

0.234

1.06 (0.79, 1.43)

0.69

Eats fast food less than once/week

1.0

1.0

1.0

Eats fast food ≥1/week

0.96 (0.78, 1.19)

0.742

0.88 (0.71, 1.09)

0.228

1.08 (0.83, 1.40)

0.558

0.93 (0.72, 1.34)

0.962

Use e-devices during sleep time (never/sometimes)

1.0

1.0

1.0

Use e-devices during sleep time (usually)

1.29 (1.04, 1.59)

0.021

1.30 (1.04, 1.63)

0.022

1.14 (0.86, 1.51)

0.358

1.20 (0.86, 1.67)

0.272

 Rules on snacking in the home

1.0

1.0

1.0

 No rules on snacking in the home

0.90 (0.73, 1.11)

0.322

0.85 (0.69, 1.04)

0.103

1.90 (0.67, 1.20)

0.465

0.83 (0.61, 1.13)

0.239

 Sweet used as a reward for good behavior (never/sometimes)

1.0

1.0

1.0

 Sweet used as a reward for good behavior (usually)

1.85 (1.04, 3.30)

0.035

2.18 (1.05, 4.52)

0.036

0.73 (0.33, 1.60)

0.419

0.63 (0.23, 1.68)

0.351

 Rules on screen-time (usually)

1.0

1.0

1.0

 Rules on screen-time (never/sometimes)

1.24 (1.03, 1.51)

0.027

1.29 (1.07, 1.55)

0.008

1.17 (0.95, 1.43)

0.126

1.21 (0.97, 1.51)

0.086

 Soft drink available in the home (never/sometimes)

1.0

1.0

1.0

 Soft drink available in the home (usually)

1.23 (0.98, 1.55)

0.068

1.16 (0.92, 1.46)

0.222

1.07 (0.80, 1.45)

0.636

0.99 (0.71, 1.37)

0.941

 No TV in the bedroom

1.0

1.0

1.0

 Has a TV in the bedroom

1.23 (0.99, 1.54)

0.063

1.23 (0.98, 1.55)

0.071

1.38 (1.02, 1.86)

0.036

1.20 (0.90, 1.60)

0.216