| HPV vaccine initiationa |  |  | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | UndadjustedbOR (95%CI) | Individual-level only, (Model 1) AOR b,c(95% CI) | Individual-level + ZCTA racial composition + ZCTA population density (Model 2), AOR b,c (95% CI) | Individual-level + ZCTA poverty, + ZCTA population density (Model 3), AOR b, c, d (95% CI) |
Individual-level variables | ||||
 Age | ||||
  13 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
  14 | 1.14 (1.03, 1.26)* | 1.30 (1.16, 1.46)** | 1.30 (1.15, 1.46)** | 1.30 (1.15, 1.46)** |
  15 | 1.12 (1,01, 1.23)* | 1.36 (1.21, 1.53)** | 1.34 (1.19, 1.51)** | 1.35 (1.20, 1.51)** |
  16 | 1.18 (1.07, 1.31)* | 1.40 (1.24, 1.58)** | 1.40 (1.24, 1.58)** | 1.40 (1.24, 1.58)** |
  17 | 1.03 (0.93, 1.15) | 1.32 (1.17, 1.49)** | 1.31 (1.16, 1.48)** | 1.31 (1.16, 1.48)** |
 Mother’s age, years | ||||
   < = 34 | 1.17 (1.10, 1.26)** | 1.12 (1.03, 1.22)** | 1.13 (1.04, 1.23)** | 1.13 (1.04, 1.23)** |
  35 TO 44 | 1.63 (1.46, 1.82)** | 1.33 (1.16, 1.52)* | 1.33 (1.16, 1.53)* | 1.33 (1.16, 1.53)* |
   > = 45 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
 Type of insurance coverage insurance | ||||
  No insurance | 1.26 (1.11, 1.42)* | 1.17 (0.97, 1.43) | 1.15 (0.94, 1.40) | 1.16 (0.99, 1.36) |
  Employer or union | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
  SCHIP or Medicaid | 2.04 (1.89, 2.20)** | 1.53 (1.36, 1.71)** | 1.53 (1.37, 1.71)** | 1.54 (1.38, 1.73)** |
  IHS, military, other | 1.43 (1.29, 1.58)** | 1.38 (1.22, 1.56)** | 1.37 (1.21, 1.55)** | 1.38 (1.22, 1.56)** |
 Mother’s education, years | ||||
   < 12 years | 1.90 (1.73, 2.09)** | 1.25 (1.09, 1.44)* | 1.23 (1.07, 1.42)* | 1.25 (1.09, 1.44)* |
  12 years | 1.13 (1.04, 1.22)* | 0.83 (0.74, 0.93)* | 0.84 (0.75, 0.94)* | 0.84 (0.75, 0.94)* |
   > 12 years, non-college graduate | 0.84 (0.77,0.92)** | 0.66 (0.60, 0.74)** | 0.67 (0.60, 0.74)** | 0.67 (0.60, 0.74)** |
  College graduate | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
 Poverty status | ||||
  Above poverty, >$75,000 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
  Above poverty, ≤$75,000 | 1.17 (1.08, 1.27)** | 0.99 (0.89, 1.10) | 1.00 (0.90, 1.12) | 0.10 (0.90, 1.11) |
  Below poverty | 2.13(1.96, 2.32)** | 1.35 (1.17, 1.55)** | 1.34 (1.16, 1.54)** | 1.34 (1.17, 1.55)** |
  Unknown poverty status | 1.50 (1.27, 1.76)** | 1.18 (0.97, 1.43) | 1.15 (0.94, 1.40) | 1.18 (0.97, 1.44) |
 Race/ethnicity of teen | ||||
  Hispanic | 2.42 (2.22, 2.63)** | 2.14 (1.92, 2.39)** | 1.88 (1.68, 2.12)** | 2.02 (1.81, 2.26)** |
  Non-Hispanic White | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
  Non-Hispanic Black | 2.07 (1.88, 2.28)** | 1.72 (1.53, 1.93)** | 1.57 (1.38, 1.78)** | 1.60 (1.41, 1.80)** |
  Non-Hispanic other and multiple race | 1.31 (1.16, 1.48)** | 1.22 (1.06, 1.40)* | 1.19 (1.03, 1.37)* | 1.18 (1.02, 1.36)* |
 Received provider recommendation to get HPV vaccine | ||||
  Yes | 8.38 (7.77, 9.03)** | 9.40 (8.66, 10.20)** | 9.34 (8.61, 10.15)** | 9.34 (8.60-10.14)** |
  No | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
  Don’t know | 2.41 (2.36, 2.47)** | 2.40 (2.09, 2.76)** | 2.39 (2.08, 2.75)** | 2.39 (2.07-2.75)** |
ZCTA Area-based measures | ||||
 Racial composition (50% + of that groupin ZCTA) | ||||
  Hispanic | 2.62 (2.35, 2.93) | — | 1.41 (1.22, 1.63)** | --- |
  Mixed | 1.47 (1.32, 1.62) | — | 1.00 (0.88, 1.13) | --- |
  Non-Hispanic Black | 1.76 (1.54, 2.02) | — | 1.15 (0.97, 1.36) | --- |
  Non-Hispanic White | Ref | — | Ref | Ref |
  Non-Hispanic other | 1.44 (1.03, 2.01) | — | 0.96 (0.63, 1.44) | --- |
 ZCTA poverty (% below poverty) c | ||||
  0-4.99%, least impoverished | Ref | — | — | Ref |
  5-9.9% | 1.08 (0.97, 1.21) | — | — | 1.04 (0.92, 1.19) |
  10-19.9% | 1.15 (1.03, 1.29)* | — | — | 0.95 (0.83, 1.08) |
  20 + %, poorest | 1.77 (1.58, 1.98)** | — | — | 1.13 (0.98, 1.31) |
 ZCTA Population density quartiles (people per square mile) | ||||
  Q1 1-20 (lowest density) | Ref | — | Ref | Ref |
  Q2 21-71 | 1.12 (0.88, 1.41) | — | 0.95 (0.74, 1.24) | 0.97 (0.75 – 1.25) |
  Q3 72-651 | 1.26 (1.02, 1.56)* | — | 1.12 (0.88, 1.43) | 1.14 (0.89 – 1.45) |
  Q4 > 651 (highest density) | 1.70 (1.37, 2.10)** |  | 1.26 (0.99, 1.60) | 1.27 (1.00 – 1.62) |
  Q4 vs Q2 | 1.52 (1.35,1.72)** |  | 1.33 (1.04-1.25)* | 1.32 (1.14-1.52)* |
  Q4 vs Q3 | 1.35 (1.25, 1.46)* |  | 1.14 (1.25-1.04)* | 1.12 (1.02-1.23)* |
 ZCTA -Residence type | ||||
  1. Isolated Small Rural T | Ref |  | — | — |
  2. Small Rural Town | 1.13 (0.82, 1.57) |  | — | — |
  3. Large Rural Town | 1.10 (0.82, 1.48) |  | — | — |
  4. Urban focused | 1.71 (1.33, 2.21)** |  | — | — |