Table 3 Univariate multinomial logistic regression analysis of factors associated with combinations of risk behaviours among adolescents
From: Clustering and correlates of screen-time and eating behaviours among young adolescents
| Â | Low FV / high ED OR (95% CI) | High ST / Low FV OR (95% CI) | High ST / High ED OR (95% CI) | 3 risk behaviours OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic | ||||
 Gender (ref: female) | ||||
  Male | 0.89 (0.46–1.76) | 0.81 (0.51–1.28) | 0.80 (0.42–1.51) | 0.80 (0.51–1.27) |
 Age (ref: age 12 years) | ||||
  11 years | 0.61 (0.30–1.27) | 0.84 (0.53–1.35) | 0.87 (0.45–1.67) | 0.65 (0.40–1.05) |
 Ethnicity (ref: Other) | ||||
  White / white British | 2.08 (0.25–17.21) | 1.07 (0.36–3.19) | 0.80 (0.20–3.16) | 0.53 (0.21–1.35) |
  Asian / Asian British | 2.80 (0.30–26.56) | 1.67 (0.50–5.59) | 1.20 (0.30–5.61) | 0.93 (0.32–2.70) |
 Brothers (ref: one or more) | ||||
  None | 1.21 (0.61–2.43) | 0.89 (0.54–1.45) | 1.18 (0.61–2.28) | 1.13 (0.70–1.80) |
 Sisters (ref: one or more) | ||||
  None | 1.04 (0.53–2.04) | 0.95 (0.60–1.52) | 0.83 (0.43–1.60) | 0.79 (0.50–1.26) |
 Parents at home (ref: other) | ||||
  Mother and Father | 1.19 (0.55–2.66) | 0.66 (0.40–1.08) | 0.96 (0.48–1.92) | 0.79 (0.49–1.30) |
 Deprivation scale (ref: low) | ||||
  Middle | 1.44 (0.58–3.57) | 0.92 (0.49–1.73) | 1.93 (0.83–4.47) | 1.21 (0.63–2.32) |
  High | 0.97 (0.37–2.55) | 1.07 (0.58–1.94) | 1.44 (0.58–3.56) | 1.86* (1.02–3.37) |
 Individual | ||||
  Habit for watching television (ref: low habit) | 1.81 (0.88–3.73) | 1.49 (0.93–2.42) | 2.20 (1.12–4.29)* | 2.29 (1.43–3.70)*** |
  Habit for eating snack foods while watching TV (ref: low habit) | 2.24 (1.09–4.62)* | 1.23 (0.73–1.98) | 3.62 (1.75–7.49)*** | 3.35 (2.04–5.51)*** |
  Habit for eating FV while watching TV (ref: low habit) | 0.95 (0.46–1.95) | 1.12 (0.70–1.80) | 2.84 (1.38–5.87)** | 0.94 (0.59–1.49) |
  Self-efficacy for not watching TV/DVD’s or using computers (ref: low self-efficacy) | 1.13 (0.55–2.29) | 0.73 (0.45–1.18) | 1.29 (0.66–2.50) | 0.48 (0.30–0.77)** |
  Self-efficacy for not eating snack foods when watching TV/DVD’s (ref: low self-efficacy) | 0.89 (0.44–1.80) | 0.84 (0.52–1.36) | 0.56 (0.28–1.11) | 0.40 (0.24–0.66)*** |
  Self-efficacy for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption (ref: low self-efficacy) | 0.58 (0.28–1.20) | 0.70 (0.42–1.15) | 0.75 (0.38–1.48) | 0.45 (0.27–0.73)*** |
  Self-efficacy for reducing energy-dense snack food consumption (ref: low self-efficacy) | 0.78 (0.39–1.55) | 0.80 (0.50–1.30) | 0.93 (0.48–1.80) | 0.45 (0.28–0.72)*** |
 Behavioural | ||||
  Eating breakfast while watching TV (ref: [2] or less days a week) | 2.54 (1.24–5.20)** | 1.35 (0.85–2.15) | 3.26 (1.63–6.54)*** | 1.71 (1.08–2.70)* |
  Eating lunch while watching TV (ref: [2] or less days a week) | 1.59 (0.80–3.16) | 1.26 (0.79–2.01) | 2.77 (1.40–5.50)** | 1.89 (1.19–3.02)** |
  Eating dinner while watching TV (ref: [2] or less days a week) | 1.58 (0.78–3.20) | 1.75 (1.08–2.85)* | 2.42 (1.19–4.93)** | 2.24 (1.38–3.66)*** |
  Eating fruit and vegetables while watching TV (ref: [2] or less days a week) | 0.68 (0.34–1.39) | 0.92 (0.57–1.47) | 2.75 (1.37–5.52)** | 0.86 (0.54–1.37) |
  Eating ED snacks while watching TV (ref: [2] or less days a week) | 6.22 (2.92–13.27)*** | 2.14 (1.31–3.50)** | 5.47 (2.70–11.09)*** | 11.45 (6.65–20.02*** |
 Home social environment | ||||
  Eating dinner in front of the TV with parents (ref: less than twice a week) | 1.67 (0.84–3.32) | 1.60 (0.99–2.59) | 2.66 (1.38–5.11)** | 1.70 (1.06–2.71)* |
  Eating breakfast in front of the TV with parents (ref: less than twice a week) | 1.56 (0.68–3.58) | 1.40 (0.77–2.55) | 3.16 (1.55–6.45)** | 2.50 (1.44–4.35)*** |
  Eating snacks in front of the TV with parents (ref: less than twice a week) | 4.31 (2.09–8.87)*** | 1.69 (1.04–2.72)* | 2.65 (1.38–5.08)** | 3.99 (2.46–6.47)*** |
  Watching TV/DVD’s together with parents (ref: less than twice a week) | 2.05 (1.03–4.06)* | 1.44 (0.89–2.30) | 4.17 (2.07–8.38)*** | 1.72 (1.08–2.73)* |
  Parental food restriction (ref: low – below median score of 2.4) | 0.53 (0.26–1.07) | 0.52 (0.32–0.84)** | 0.78 (0.40–1.54) | 0.33 (0.20–0.56)*** |
  Parental screen-time restriction (ref: low – below median score of 2) | 0.46 (0.21–1.00) | 0.80 (0.49–1.32) | 0.76 (0.39–1.50) | 0.43 (0.25–0.71)*** |
 Home physical environment | ||||
  Television in the bedroom (ref: no) | 1.88 (0.85–4.15) | 1.77 (1.05–2.97)* | 1.57 (0.77–3.19) | 1.63 (1.01–2.68)* |
  Home availability of energy-dense snack foods (ref: low – below median score of 9) | 5.83 (2.77–12.96)*** | 2.03 (1.18–3.50)** | 4.07 (2.01–8.24)*** | 9.19 (5.31–15.90)*** |
  Home availability of fruit and vegetables (ref: low – below median score of 6) | 1.76 (0.84–3.68) | 1.38 (0.97–2.77) | 1.36 (0.70–2.67) | 1.55 (0.96–2.51) |
  Home accessibility of energy-dense snack foods (ref: low – below median score of 8) | 2.07 (0.97–4.40) | 1.86 (1.13–3.06)* | 1.96 (1.01–3.93)* | 8.77 (4.53–16.95)*** |
  Home accessibility of fruit and vegetables (ref: low – below median score of 4) | 0.56 (0.27–1.17) | 0.82 (0.50–1.34) | 1.61 (0.79–3.27) | 1.23 (0.75–2.01) |