Table 2 Assay type, measure of coefficient of variation (reliability) and seasons of included studies
From: Vitamin D levels and deficiency with different occupations: a systematic review
Category | Study ID | Assay type | Reliability | Season of year | Study quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Outdoor Workers | Haddad and Chyu [102] | Competitive protein binding assay | CV: 8–14% | Spring, Summer | High |
Devgun [85] | Competitive protein binding assay | Inter-assay CV: 10% | All year | High | |
Devgun [25] | Competitive protein binding assay | Inter-assay CV: 10.7% | All year | High | |
Devgun [103] | Competitive protein binding assay | Inter-assay CV: 10.6% | Autumn, Winter | High | |
Azizi [104] | Competitive protein binding assay | Unknown | All year | Medium | |
Norsang [105] | RIA | Unknown | Autumn | Medium | |
Azizi [91] | RIA | Unknown | Winter | Medium | |
Choi [106] | RIA | Inter-assay CV: 11.7–12.5% | All year | High | |
Roomi [55] | EIA | Inter-assay CV: 4.9% | All year | High | |
Oh [107] | RIA | Unknown | Unknown | Low | |
Bacchelv [27] | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Low | |
Indoor Workers | Devgun [85] | Competitive protein binding assay | Inter-assay CV: 10% | All year | High |
Devgun [25] | Competitive protein binding assay | Inter-assay CV: 10.7% | All year | High | |
Maeda [108] | Immunoradiometric assay | Inter-assay CV: 16% (for lowest values; 3% for highest values) Intra-assay: 4.8% | Summer, Spring, Winter | High | |
Gulvady [109] | RIA | Unknown | Unknown | Low | |
Islam [110] | EIA | Inter-assay CV: 7% Intra-assay CV: 5.4% | Unknown | Medium | |
Azizi [104] | Competitive protein binding assay | Unknown | All year | Medium | |
Itoh [28] | RIA/EIA | Inter –assay CV: 21.9 | Winter, Autumn | High | |
Vu [111] | Chemiluminescent assay | Inter-assay CV: 6–9% Intra-assay CV: 3–6% | Summer, Winter | High | |
Choi [106] | RIA | Inter-assay CV: 11.7–12.5% | All year | High | |
Xiang [56] | HPLC-MS/MS tandem | Inter-assay CV: 6.9–9.5% Intra-assay CV: 2.77–3.2% | All year | High | |
Cinar [112] | HPLC | Inter-assay CV: 3.4% Intra-assay: 4.3% | Summer, Winter | High | |
Jeong [23] | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Low | |
Sharma [113] | Chemiluminescent assay | Unknown | Unknown | Low | |
Yosephin [114] | EIA | Unknown | Unknown | Low | |
Roomi [55] | EIA | Inter-assay CV: 4.9% | All year | High | |
Kwon [54] | EIA | Unknown | Winter, Spring | Medium | |
Oh [107] | RIA | Unknown | Unknown | Low | |
Bacchel [27] | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Low | |
Shiftworkers | Ward [41] | ELISA | Intra-assay CV: 5.5–7.2% (concentrations standardized according to mean of values from vitamin D External Quality Assurance Survey) | Unknown | Medium |
Itoh [28] | RIA | Intra- and inter-day variation: 4.3–7% | Summer | High | |
Kim [115] | RIA | Unknown | All year | Medium | |
Jeong [23] | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Low | |
Kwon [54] | EIA | Unknown | Winter, Spring | Medium | |
Romano [45] | Chemiluminescent assay | Unknown | Spring | Medium | |
Lead/Smelter | Greenberg [79] | Competitive protein binding assay | Unknown | Unknown | Low |
Mason [78] | Radioreceptor assay | Inter-assay CV: 11.5% Intra-assay CV: 6.9% | Unknown | Medium | |
Chalkley [39] | RIA | Unknown | Unknown | Low | |
Kristal-Boneh [77] | Competitive protein binding assay | Inter-assay CV: 15.2% Intra-assay CV: 3.9% | Summer | High | |
Potula [116] | RIA | Unknown | Unknown | Low | |
Coalminers | Shuster [82] | Competitive protein binding assay | Unknown | Spring, Summer | Medium |
Shuster [81] | Competitive protein binding assay | Unknown | Winter, Autumn | Medium | |
Sarikaya [83] | ELISA | Unknown | Unknown | Low | |
Healthcare Students | Maeda [108] | Immunoradiometric assay | Inter-assay CV: 16% (for lowest values; 3% for highest values) Intra-assay CV: 4.8% | Summer, Spring, Winter | High |
Gonzalez-Padilla [117] | Immunochemiluminescence | Inter-assay CV: 7.1–10% Intra-assay CV: 3–4.5% | Unknown | Medium | |
Kaehler [118] | Electro-chemoluminescence | Unknown | Spring | Medium | |
Al-Elq [119] | Chemiluminescent assay | Unknown | Winter | Medium | |
Manickam [120] | Chemiluminescent assay | Inter-assay CV: 13.9% Intra-assay CV: 10.8% | Unknown | Medium | |
Zabihiyeganeh [121] | RIA | Inter-assay CV: 6.4% Intra-assay CV: 5.6% | Autumn | High | |
Milovanovic [122] | Unknown | Unknown | Spring, Summer | Low | |
Medical Residents | Haney [61] | RIA | Unknown | Autumn, Spring | Medium |
Maeda [108] | Immunoradiometric assay | Inter-assay CV: 16% (for lowest values; 3% for highest values) Intra-assay: 4.8% | Summer, Spring, Winter | High | |
Premaor [123] | Chemiluminescent assay | Intra-assay CV: 6% | Autumn | High | |
Multani [76] | RIA | Inter-assay CV: 6.49% Intra-assay CV: 3.85% | Spring, Summer | High | |
Singh [124] | RIA | Unknown | Winter, Summer | Medium | |
Growdon [125] | RIA | Inter-assay CV: 6.2–12.5% Intra-assay CV: 4.4–8.3% | Winter | High | |
Mendoza [126] | Chemiluminescent assay | Inter-assay CV: 2.1% Intra-assay CV: 4.1% | Summer | High | |
Ramirez-Vick [127] | LC-MS/MS | Unknown | Spring, Winter | Medium | |
Practising Physicians | Gann [128] | RIA | Intra-assay CV: 8.1% | Unknown | Medium |
Goswami [129] | RIA | Inter-assay CV: 13% Intra-assay CV: 8% | Winter, Summer | High | |
Kramm [130] | HPLC | Unknown | Unknown | Low | |
Mahdy [75] | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Low | |
Lee [131] | RIA | Intra-assay CV: 13.8% | Summer, Autumn | high | |
Haliloglu [132] | HPLC | Inter-assay CV: 3.1–4.7% Intra-assay CV: 0.7–4.9% | Winter, Summer | High | |
Munter [133] | Chemiluminescent assay | Unknown | Unknown | Low | |
Nurses | Platz [134] | RIA | Intra-assay CV: 7.5% | Unknown | Medium |
Eliassen [135] | RIA | Overall CV: 10.7% and 6% | Unknown | Medium | |
Hattapornsawan [136] | LC-MS/MS | Inter-assay CV: 6.3% Intra-assay CV: 5% | Unknown | Medium | |
Wallingford [137] | RIA | Intra-assay CV: 0.99% | All year | High | |
Wang [138] | RIA | Overall CV: 10.7% and 6% | Unknown | Medium | |
Haliloglu [132] | HPLC | Inter-assay CV: 3.1–4.7% Intra-assay CV: 0.7–4.9% | Winter, Summer | High | |
Bertrand [139] | High affinity protein-binding assay or RIA | Overall CV: 17.6% and 6% | Unknown | Medium | |
Madani [140] | ELISA | Unknown | Summer | Medium | |
Other Healthcare Professionals | Platz [59] | RIA | Intra-assay CV: 6.7% | Unknown | Medium |
Nakamura [141] | HPLC | Inter-assay CV: 2.6–4.2% | Winter | High | |
Platz [142] | RIA | Intra-assay CV: 5.4–5.6% | All year | High | |
Arya [143] | RIA | Inter-assay CV: 8.4% | Unknown | Medium | |
Hanwell [144] | RIA | Inter-assay CV: 12% Intra-assay CV: 7.2% | Winter, Summer | High | |
Beloyartseva [29] | RIA | Unknown | Winter | Medium | |
Plotnikoff [145] | Chemiluminescent assay | CV: 9.8–12.5% | Winter, Spring | High | |
Porojnicu [146] | HPLC | Inter-assay CV: 12% | Winter | High | |
Gannage-Yared [147] | Chemiluminescent assay | Inter- and Intra CV: <12% | All year | High | |
Skarphedinsdottir [148] | HPLC | Unknown | Spring | Medium | |
Haliloglu [132] | HPLC | Inter-assay CV: 3.1–4.7% Intra-assay CV: 0.7–4.9% | Winter, Summer | High |