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Table 3 Association between sociodemographic or behavioral characteristics of female sex workers and HIV infection in Kampala, Uganda

From: Burden and characteristics of HIV infection among female sex workers in Kampala, Uganda – a respondent-driven sampling survey

Characteristicd

n

HIV+

Weighted %

P-valuee

Prevalence Ratio (95% CI)

Age, years

 15–19

109

11

10.8

<0.01

1.00 (Referent)

 20–24

291

65

21.9

 

2.03 (1.04–3.95)

 25–29

246

88

35.9

 

3.33 (1.74–6.40)

 30+

293

157

50.7

 

4.71 (2.50–8.89)

Nationality

 Ugandan

894

304

33.0

0.99

1.00 (Referent)

 Not Ugandan

40

16

33.1

 

1.00 (0.61–1.65)

Religion

     

 Catholic

362

131

35.4

0.41

1.00 (Referent)

 Protestant

262

86

30.9

 

0.87 (0.68–1.13)

 Born Again

47

17

37.0

 

1.05 (0.64–1.71)

 Moslim

232

71

28.5

 

0.81 (0.61–1.07)

 Other

30

13

42.9

 

1.21 (0.74–1.98)

Schooling, years

 0–3

251

107

42.1

<0.01

1.00 (Referent)

 4–6

185

70

36.6

 

0.87 (0.66–1.14)

 7+

482

137

26.4

 

0.63 (0.49–0.80)

Sex work main income

 Yes

806

286

35.1

<0.01

1.68 (1.13–2.51)

 No

106

28

20.9

 

1.00 (Referent)

Occupation other than sex work

 No other work

557

201

36.9

<0.01

1.00 (Referent)

 Other

112

26

19.2

 

0.52 (0.34–0.79)

 Self-employed

147

53

32.3

 

0.88 (0.66–1.17)

 Restaurant/bar

115

36

26.7

 

0.72 (0.50–1.05)

Marital status

 Never married

300

71

23.4

<0.01

1.02 (0.57–1.83)

 Cohabitating

210

83

37.8

 

1.64 (0.93–2.91)

 Married (mono)

53

14

23.0

 

1.00 (Referent)

 Married (poly)

141

46

36.5

 

1.59 (0.88–2.86)

 Div/sep/wid

228

105

41.9

 

1.84 (1.04–3.20)

Pregnancies in life, number

 0

74

4

3.6

<0.01

1.00 (Referent)

 1

173

36

21.0

 

5.88 (2.00–17.3)

 2

173

61

33.4

 

9.34 (3.26–26.8)

 3

162

65

44.8

 

12.5 (4.40–35.5)

 4

134

60

46.5

 

13.0 (4.56–36.9)

 5+

196

86

38.7

 

10.8 (3.81–30.7)

Ever aborted

 Yes

231

60

27.4

0.07

0.79 (0.60–1.03)

 Noh

702

260

34.7

 

1.00 (Referent)

Steady male sex partners last 30 days, number

 0

167

68

40.4

0.18

1.00 (Referent)

 1

288

105

33.3

 

0.82 (0.62–1.09)

 2

192

57

28.0

 

0.69 (0.50–0.96)

 3+

275

86

31.7

 

0.79 (0.59–1.05)

Alcohol before last sex

 Yes

480

173

35.0

0.25

1.13 (0.92–1.40)

 No

455

147

31.0

 

1.00 (Referent)

Drugs for pleasure

 Yes

217

71

34.0

0.71

1.05 (0.82–1.34)

 No

708

244

32.4

 

1.00 (Referent)

Inject drugs

 Yes

42

16

40.6

0.38

1.24 (0.80–1.91)

 Noi

886

303

32.8

 

1.00 (Referent)

Years selling sex, number

 < 1

13

4

32.7

0.02

1.00 (Referent)

 1

148

34

21.3

 

0.65 (0.26–1.62)

 2

179

58

31.4

 

0.96 (0.40–2.31)

 3

177

62

32.3

 

0.99 (0.41–2.36)

 4

74

23

33.6

 

1.03 (0.41–2.57)

 5+

335

136

39.9

 

1.22 (0.52–2.87)

Condom use during last sex with a male client

 Yes

619

208

32.0

0.50

0.93 (0.75–1.15)

 No

315

111

34.6

 

1.00 (Referent)

Ever used condom

 Yes

872

301

33.3

0.54

1.00 (Referent)

 No

56

16

28.9

 

0.87 (0.53–1.41)

Ever used lubricant

 Yes

282

90

30.8

0.44

1.00 (Referent)

 No

648

228

33.6

 

1.09 (0.87–1.38)

Violence due to selling sex

     

 Yes

433

163

35.9

0.13

1.17 (0.95–1.45)

 No

498

155

30.5

 

1.00 (Referent)

Raped in last 30 days, number

 0c

619

206

32.4

0.38

1.00 (Referent)

 1

93

36

36.2

 

1.12 (0.77–1.62)

 2

81

25

27.3

 

0.84 (0.57–1.26)

 3

43

20

47.9

 

1.48 (1.02–2.15)

 4+

91

28

31.6

 

0.97 (0.68–1.40)

Raped by customer in last 30 days, number

 0j

682

228

32.4

0.94

1.00 (Referent)

 1

124

40

30.0

 

0.92 (0.65–1.32)

 2

71

26

36.1

 

1.11 (0.77–1.60)

 3

25

9

31.9

 

0.98 (0.51–1.91)

 4+

23

8

38.4

 

1.18 (0.64–2.20)

Sex partners, total number in last 30 days

 0–12

221

71

29.9

0.59

1.00 (Referent)

 13–24

234

75

31.8

 

1.06 (0.78–1.45)

 25–58

248

87

36.2

 

1.21 (0.90–1.62)

 59+

236

88

34.4

 

1.15 (0.85–1.55)

Male partners in life, number

 1–24

201

58

25.1

0.08

1.00 (Referent)

 25–64

212

70

34.6

 

1.38 (0.98–1.93)

 65–194

211

76

33.1

 

1.32 (0.94–1.86)

 195+

209

73

38.3

 

1.53 (1.09–2.13)

Vaginal discharge/burning in last 12 months

 Yes

644

233

35.6

0.03

1.31 (1.02–1.68)

 No

280

82

27.2

 

1.00 (Referent)

Genital ulcer/sore in last 12 months

 Yes

520

211

39.6

<0.01

1.58 (1.26–1.98)

 No

409

107

25.0

 

1.00 (Referent)

Anal ulcer/sore in last 12 months

 Yes

204

82

41.0

0.03

1.32 (1.05–1.65)

 No

717

235

31.1

 

1.00 (Referent)

Anal discharge in last 12 months

 Yes

124

42

33.8

0.79

1.04 (0.77–1.41)

 No

791

270

32.4

 

1.00 (Referent)

Anal warts in last 12 months

 Yes

132

65

49.7

<0.01

1.65 (1.32–2.08)

 No

783

247

30.0

 

1.00 (Referent)

Ever had anal sex

 Yes

171

62

36.2

0.38

1.12 (0.87–1.45)

 No

758

256

32.2

 

1.00 (Referent)

Ever had HIV test

 Yes

503

120

23.0

<0.01

1.00 (Referent)

 No

430

199

44.6

 

1.93 (1.55–2.41)

Had steady male sex partners last 30 days

 Yes

755

248

31.4

0.06

0.78 (0.61–0.99)

 No

167

68

40.4

 

1.00 (Referent)

  1. dFor each characteristic, the total sample size differs from 942 due to missing information
  2. eChi-squared test of independence between the characteristic and HIV positivity
  3. fFor each characteristic, the total sample size differs from 942 due to missing information
  4. gChi-squared test of independence between the characteristic and HIV positivity
  5. hIncludes those who have never been pregnant
  6. iInlcudes those who have never used drugs
  7. jIncludes those who have never been raped
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