Beyond efficacy in water containers: Temephos and household entomological indices in six studies between 2005 and 2013 in Managua, Nicaragua

Table 5 Number of people, number of pupae, and temephos presence in surveys in Managua control sites between 2005 and 2013

Survey date	Temephos observed in any container		Temephos not observed in any container		OR (95% CI)^a
Survey date	No. people	No. pupae (PPP)	No. people	No. pupae (PPP)	OR (95% CI)^a
Oct 2005	2100	666 (0.3)	13,519	4296 (0.3)	1.18 (0.85–1.64)
Oct 2006	3736	955 (0.3)	11,825	2351 (0.2)	1.17 (0.83–1.66)
Oct 2007	3997	1271 (0.3)	16,517	4743 (0.3)	1.01 (0.74–1.37)
Jan 2011	4378	404 (0.1)	16,592	1751 (0.1)	1.31 (0.97–1.75)
Aug 2012	7321	2896 (0.7)	14,345	4680 (0.3)	1.36 (1.11–1.67)
Jan 2013	5086	1216 (0.2)	16,052	1879 (0.1)	1.83 (1.41–2.37)

We dichotomised the pupae per person (PPP) variable into households with above and below the mean PPP
OR of >1.0 indicates that households with temephos present were more likely to have a positive entomological indicator; italic font indicates the association was significant at the 5% level
^aOdds ratio and 95% confidence intervals from GLMM, with cluster as random effect

ISSN: 1471-2458