Table 4 Multilevel logistic regressions predicting factors associated with appropriate treatment for childhood diarrhea in Nyanza Province, Kenya
Individual variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Odds ratio | 95% CI | Odds ratio | 95% CI | |
Child’s gender | ||||
  Female | Ref. |  | Ref. |  |
  Male | 1.013 | 0.693–1.482 | 0.998 | 0.684–1.456 |
Child’s age (continuous from 0 to 4) | 0.883 | 0.772–1.008 | 0.889 | 0.780–1.013 |
Relationship to household head | ||||
  Biological child | Ref. |  | Ref. |  |
  Grandchild | 1.660 | 0.814–3.386 | 1.758 | 0.864–3.577 |
  Other | 1.462 | 0.614–3.481 | 1.369 | 0.578–3.242 |
Household head’s gender | ||||
  Female | Ref. |  | Ref. |  |
  Male | 1.125 | 0.706–1.792 | 1.118 | 0.708–1.764 |
Age group (years) | ||||
   < 30 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |  |
  30–34 | 1.385 | 0.788–2.431 | 1.374 | 0.796–2.372 |
  35–39 | 1.358 | 0.721–2.557 | 1.325 | 0.711–2.467 |
  40–49 | 1.062 | 0.535–2.107 | 1.005 | 0.510–1.984 |
   ≥ 50 | 0.809 | 0.372–1.760 | 0.752 | 0.346–1.633 |
Education level | ||||
  No education/Primary level | Ref. |  | Ref. |  |
  Secondary level or higher | 0.972 | 0.636–1.485 | 0.989 | 0.648–1.509 |
Household wealth index | ||||
  Poorer | Ref. |  | Ref. |  |
  Poor | 1.506 | 0.838–2.704 | 1.475 | 0.836–2.603 |
  Middle | 1.937* | 1.018–3.686 | 1.923* | 1.018–3.631 |
  Rich | 1.663 | 0.912–3.032 | 1.587 | 0.867–2.905 |
  Richer | 1.598 | 0.833–3.067 | 1.594 | 0.760–3.344 |
Number of household members | ||||
  5 or fewer than 5 | Ref. |  | Ref. |  |
  More than 5 | 0.968 | 0.615–1.525 | 1.011 | 0.642–1.591 |
Number of children under five | ||||
  One | Ref. |  | Ref. |  |
  More than 1 | 1.212 | 0.790–1.859 | 1.193 | 0.781–1.823 |
Paying attention to the child | ||||
  Less attention | Ref. |  | Ref. |  |
  More attention | 0.809 | 0.557–1.177 | 0.815 | 0.564–1.178 |
Playing with the child in the past three days | ||||
  No playing | Ref. |  | Ref. |  |
  Playing at least once within the past 3 days | 1.228 | 0.727–2.076 | 1.205 | 0.717–2.027 |
Severity of diarrhea | ||||
  Without blood | Ref. |  | Ref. |  |
  With blood | 2.821*** | 1.499–5.311 | 2.813*** | 1.508–5.251 |
Possession of at least one media device | ||||
  No | Ref. |  | Ref. |  |
  Yes | 0.641 | 0.338–1.216 | 0.650 | .347–1.217 |
Community Variables | ||||
Area | ||||
  Urban |  |  | Ref. |  |
  Rural |  |  | 1.117 | 0.551–2.265 |
Performance of CHWs | ||||
  None/Poor |  |  | Ref. |  |
  Middle |  |  | 1.655* | 1.080–2.538 |
  High |  |  | 1.938** | 1.201–3.127 |
Community Level Variance | 0.516 (0.224) | 0.402 | ||
Log likelihood | -484.54 | -479 | ||
Likelihood-ratio test (p value) | 0.030 | 0.027 | ||