Table 3 Multilevel logistic regressions predicting factors associated with prevalence of diarrhea among children younger than five years of age in Nyanza Province, Kenya

  Female

Ref.

Ref.

  Male

1.424***

1.189–1.706

1.429***

1.192–1.714

Child’s age (continuous from 0 to 4)

0.712***

0.668–0.759

0.714***

0.669–0.761

  Biological child

Ref.

Ref.

  Grandchild

0.979

0.672–1.427

0.992

0.681–1.446

  Other

1.508

0.976–2.328

1.505

0.978–2.317

  Female

Ref.

Ref.

  Male

1.003

0.810–1.241

1.001

0.808–1.240

   < 30

Ref.

Ref.

  30–34

0.826

0.624–1.094

0.833

0.630–1.100

  35–39

0.719*

0.534–0.968

0.718*

0.534–0.967

  40–49

0.729

0.517–1.029

0.738

0.523–1.041

   ≥ 50

0.803

0.542–1.189

0.814

0.550–1.204

  No education/Primary level

Ref.

Ref.

  Secondary level or higher

0.895

0.727–1.101

0.911

0.740–1.121

  Poorer

Ref.

Ref.

  Poor

1.148

0.874–1.509

1.134

0.862–1.491

  Middle

0.964

0.723–1.285

0.946

0.709–1.264

  Rich

0.906

0.676–1.214

0.858

0.637–1.155

  Richer

1.237

0.885–1.730

1.045

0.723–1.510

  5 or fewer than 5

Ref.

Ref.

  More than 5

0.933

0.748–1.165

0.949

0.759–1.186

  One

Ref.

  More than 1

1.159

0.951–1.413

1.154

0.946–1.407

  Less attention

Ref.

  More attention

0.690***

0.577–0.824

0.693***

0.579–0.828

  No playing

Ref.

Ref.

  Playing at least once within the past 3 days

1.084

0.844–1.391

1.076

0.838–1.381

  Unimproved

Ref.

Ref.

  Improved

0.956

0.775–1.179

0.941

0.761–1.164

  No treatment/Inadequate

Ref.

Ref.

  Adequate treatment

0.819

0.669–1.004

0.799*

0.651–0.980

  Not available

Ref.

Ref.

  Available

0.753

0.378–1.500

0.741

0.368–1.492

  No

Ref.

Ref.

  Yes

0.649

0.290–1.451

0.611

0.266–1.403

  Urban

Ref.

  Rural

0.666*

0.445–0.996

  None/Poor

Ref.

0.941–1.487

  Middle

1.183

1.003–1.810

  High

1.347*

Community Level Variance and covariance of random effects

Log likelihood

Likelihood-ratio test (p value)