|
Child’s gender
|
|
Female
|
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
|
Male
|
1.424***
|
1.189–1.706
|
1.429***
|
1.192–1.714
|
|
Child’s age (continuous from 0 to 4)
|
0.712***
|
0.668–0.759
|
0.714***
|
0.669–0.761
|
|
Relationship to household head
|
|
Biological child
|
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
|
Grandchild
|
0.979
|
0.672–1.427
|
0.992
|
0.681–1.446
|
|
Other
|
1.508
|
0.976–2.328
|
1.505
|
0.978–2.317
|
|
Household head’s gender
|
|
Female
|
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
|
Male
|
1.003
|
0.810–1.241
|
1.001
|
0.808–1.240
|
|
Age group (years)
|
|
< 30
|
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
|
30–34
|
0.826
|
0.624–1.094
|
0.833
|
0.630–1.100
|
|
35–39
|
0.719*
|
0.534–0.968
|
0.718*
|
0.534–0.967
|
|
40–49
|
0.729
|
0.517–1.029
|
0.738
|
0.523–1.041
|
|
≥ 50
|
0.803
|
0.542–1.189
|
0.814
|
0.550–1.204
|
|
Education level
|
|
No education/Primary level
|
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
|
Secondary level or higher
|
0.895
|
0.727–1.101
|
0.911
|
0.740–1.121
|
|
Household wealth index
|
|
Poorer
|
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
|
Poor
|
1.148
|
0.874–1.509
|
1.134
|
0.862–1.491
|
|
Middle
|
0.964
|
0.723–1.285
|
0.946
|
0.709–1.264
|
|
Rich
|
0.906
|
0.676–1.214
|
0.858
|
0.637–1.155
|
|
Richer
|
1.237
|
0.885–1.730
|
1.045
|
0.723–1.510
|
|
Number of household members
|
|
5 or fewer than 5
|
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
|
More than 5
|
0.933
|
0.748–1.165
|
0.949
|
0.759–1.186
|
|
Number of children under five
|
|
One
|
Ref.
| | | |
|
More than 1
|
1.159
|
0.951–1.413
|
1.154
|
0.946–1.407
|
|
Paying attention to the child
|
|
Less attention
|
Ref.
| | | |
|
More attention
|
0.690***
|
0.577–0.824
|
0.693***
|
0.579–0.828
|
|
Playing with the child in the past three days
|
|
No playing
|
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
|
Playing at least once within the past 3 days
|
1.084
|
0.844–1.391
|
1.076
|
0.838–1.381
|
|
Water source for drinking
|
|
Unimproved
|
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
|
Improved
|
0.956
|
0.775–1.179
|
0.941
|
0.761–1.164
|
|
Water treatment
|
|
No treatment/Inadequate
|
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
|
Adequate treatment
|
0.819
|
0.669–1.004
|
0.799*
|
0.651–0.980
|
|
Hand-washing facility
|
|
Not available
|
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
|
Available
|
0.753
|
0.378–1.500
|
0.741
|
0.368–1.492
|
|
Possession of refrigerator
|
|
No
|
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
|
Yes
|
0.649
|
0.290–1.451
|
0.611
|
0.266–1.403
|
|
Community Variables
|
|
Area
|
|
Urban
| | |
Ref.
| |
|
Rural
| | |
0.666*
|
0.445–0.996
|
|
Performance of CHWs in the CU
|
|
None/Poor
| | |
Ref.
|
0.941–1.487
|
|
Middle
| | |
1.183
|
1.003–1.810
|
|
High
| | |
1.347*
| |
|
Community Level Variance and covariance of random effects
|
0.294 (0.065)
|
0.262 (0.061)
|
|
Log likelihood
|
-2038.89
|
-2033.98
|
|
Likelihood-ratio test (p value)
|
≤0.001
|
0.019
|
