Table 1 Baseline sample characteristics, stratified by reporting health problems associated with crack smoking in the past 6 months among crack smokers in Vancouver, Canada (n = 1718)

Health service points only

74 (12.6)

167 (14.8)

0.86 (0.64–1.16)

0.318

A mix of health service points and other sources

58 (9.9)

81 (7.1)

1.39 (0.97–1.98)

0.070

Other sources only

455 (77.5)

883 (78.1)

Female sex

235 (40.0)

367 (32.4)

1.39 (1.13–1.71)

0.002

Age (median, IQR)

41 (34–47)

42 (36–48)

0.99 (0.97–1.00)

0.017

Caucasian

334 (56.9)

684 (60.5)

0.86 (0.70–1.06)

0.152

Completed < high school

289 (49.2)

578 (51.1)

0.93 (0.76–1.13)

0.456

DTES residency^a

438 (74.6)

809 (71.5)

1.17 (0.93–1.47)

0.174

Homeless^a

229 (39.0)

413 (36.5)

1.11 (0.91–1.37)

0.305

≥ Daily crack smoking^a

343 (58.4)

458 (40.5)

2.06 (1.68–2.53)

<0.001

≥ Daily non-injection meth use^a

4 (0.7)

17 (1.5)

0.45 (0.15–1.34)

0.142

Binge non-injection drug use^a

225 (38.3)

290 (25.6)

1.80 (1.46–2.23)

<0.001

Shared crack pipe^a

473 (80.6)

719 (63.6)

2.37 (1.87–3.01)

<0.001

Rushed public crack smoking^a

199 (33.9)

281 (24.8)

1.57 (1.26–1.95)

<0.001

Drug dealing^a

255 (43.4)

368 (32.5)

1.59 (1.30–1.96)

<0.001

Sex work^a

122 (20.8)

160 (14.1)

1.61 (1.24–2.09)

<0.001

A victim of violence^a

188 (32.0)

218 (19.3)

1.99 (1.58–2.50)

<0.001

Incarceration^a

124 (21.1)

182 (16.1)

1.40 (1.09–1.81)

0.009

HIV positive

240 (40.9)

458 (40.5)

1.02 (0.83–1.24)

0.876