Total | Male | Female | ||||
Unweight | Weighted | Unweight | Weighted | Unweight | Weighted | |
Individual-level variables | ||||||
1987 | ||||||
Sample size | 1,398,055 | 94,6282,249 | 702,759 | 475,941,433 | 695,296 | 47,0340,816 |
Age, mean | 31.4 | 31.4 (31.3-31.5) | 31.1 | 31.1 (31.0-31.2) | 31.7 | 31.7 (31.6-31.8) |
Residence, % | ||||||
Urban | 29.4 | 28.8 (27.2-30.3) | 29.1 | 28.4 (26.9-29.9) | 29.8 | 29.1 (27.6-30.7) |
Rural | 70.6 | 71.2 (69.7-72.8) | 70.9 | 71.6 (70.1-73.1) | 70.2 | 70.8 (69.3-72.4) |
Ethnicity, % | ||||||
Han | 91.0 | 91.5 (90.8-92.3) | 91.0 | 91.6 (90.8-92.3) | 90.9 | 91.5 (90.8-92.3) |
Others | 9.1 | 8.5 (7.7-9.2) | 9.0 | 8.4 (7.7-9.2) | 9.1 | 8.5 (7.7-9.2) |
Education, % | ||||||
Junior high school and above | 31.6 | 31.0 (30.5-31.6) | 38.0 | 37.6 (37.1-38.1) | 25.0 | 24.4 (23.8-24.9) |
Primary school | 39.0 | 39.4 (39.0-39.7) | 42.7 | 43.2 (42.8-43.5) | 35.2 | 35.5 (35.2-35.9) |
Never attended school | 29.4 | 29.6 (29.1-30.0) | 19.3 | 19.2 (18.8-19.6) | 39.8 | 40.1 (39.5-40.7) |
Marital status, % | ||||||
Married | 53.3 | 53.2 (53.0-53.4) | 51.7 | 51.5 (51.3-51.7) | 55.0 | 54.8 (54.7-55.0) |
Divorced or widowed | 5.8 | 5.8 (5.7-5.9) | 4.0 | 4.0 (3.9-4.1) | 7.6 | 7.6 (7.5-7.7) |
Never married | 40.9 | 41.0 (40.8-41.2) | 44.3 | 44.5 (44.3-44.7) | 37.4 | 37.5 (37.3-37.7) |
Household size | ||||||
1–3 | 19.8 | 19.7 (19.4-20.1) | 20.4 | 20.4 (20.0-20.7) | 19.2 | 19.1 (18.7-19.5) |
4–6 | 61.0 | 61.3 (61.0-61.6) | 61.3 | 61.6 (61.2-61.9) | 60.7 | 61.0 (60.7-61.3) |
7–9 | 19.2 | 19.0 (18.6-19.4) | 18.3 | 18.1 (17.6-18.5) | 20.1 | 19.9 (19.5-20.4) |
Living arrangement | ||||||
Living with others | 98.7 | 98.6 (78.6-79.2) | 98.4 | 98.4 (98.3-98.4) | 98.9 | 98.9 (98.9-99.0) |
Living alone | 1.3 | 1.4 (1.3-1.4) | 1.6 | 1.6 (1.5-1.7) | 1.1 | 1.1 (1.0-1.1) |
Currently employed, % | ||||||
Yes | 78.8 | 78.9 (78.6-79.2) | 86.7 | 86.8 (86.6-86.9) | 70.8 | 70.9 (70.4-71.5) |
No | 21.2 | 21.1 (20.8-21.4) | 13.3 | 13.2 (13.1-13.4) | 29.2 | 29.0 (28.5-29.6) |
2006 | ||||||
Sample | 2,526,134 | 1,309,468,507 | 1,280,006 | 664,280,796 | 1,246,128 | 645,187,711 |
Age, mean | 35.8 | 35.7 (35.6-35.8) | 35.2 | 35.1 (35.0-35.2) | 36.5 | 36.4 (36.3-36.5) |
Residence, % | ||||||
Urban | 33.9 | 30.8 (29.6-31.9) | 32.8 | 30.1 (28.9-31.2) | 34.3 | 31.4 (30.3-32.6) |
Rural | 66.1 | 69.2 (68.1-70.4) | 67.2 | 69.9 (68.8-71.1) | 65.7 | 68.6 (67.4-69.7) |
Ethnicity, % | ||||||
Han | 88.2 | 90.1 (89.5-90.7) | 88.2 | 90.1 (89.4-90.7) | 88.2 | 90.1 (89.5-90.7) |
Others | 11.8 | 9.9 (9.3-10.5) | 11.8 | 9.9 (9.3-10.6) | 11.8 | 9.9 (9.3-10.5) |
Education, % | ||||||
Junior high school and above | 49.8 | 48.8 (48.3-49.2) | 54.9 | 54.1 (53.7-54.5) | 44.5 | 43.3 (42.8-43.7) |
Primary school | 31.1 | 31.7 (31.5-32.0) | 31.3 | 31.9 (31.5-32.2) | 30.9 | 31.6 (31.3-31.9) |
Never attended school | 19.2 | 19.5 (19.3-19.7) | 13.8 | 14.0 (12.8-14.2) | 24.6 | 25.1 (24.8-25.5) |
Marital status, % | ||||||
Married | 60.3 | 60.2 (60.3-60.4) | 58.8 | 58.6 (58.4-58.8) | 61.9 | 61.9 (61.7-62.1) |
Divorced or widowed | 6.3 | 6.2 (6.2-6.3) | 4.1 | 4.1 (4.1-4.2) | 8.5 | 8.4 (8.3-8.5) |
Never married | 33.4 | 33.6 (33.4-33.7) | 37.1 | 37.3 (37.1-37.5) | 29.7 | 29.7 (29.5-29.9) |
Household size | ||||||
1–3 | 44.5 | 43.4 (42.9-43.9) | 45.4 | 44.4 (43.9-44.9) | 43.5 | 42.4 (41.9-42.9) |
4–6 | 50.7 | 51.8 (51.4-52.3) | 49.9 | 51.0 (50.6-51.5) | 51.4 | 52.7 (52.2-53.1) |
7–9 | 4.9 | 4.7 (4.6-4.9) | 4.7 | 4.6 (4.4-4.7) | 5.1 | 4.9 (4.8-5.1) |
Living arrangement | ||||||
Living with others | 97.5 | 97.5 (97.4-97.6) | 97.4 | 97.4 (97.4-97.5) | 97.6 | 97.7 (97.6-97.7) |
Living alone | 2.5 | 2.5 (2.4-2.5) | 2.6 | 2.7 (2.5-2.6) | 2.4 | 2.3 (2.2-2.4) |
Currently employed, % | ||||||
Yes | 55.3 | 56.1 (55.9-56.4) | 59.8 | 60.2 (60.0-60.4) | 50.8 | 51.9 (51.6-52.3) |
No | 44.7 | 43.9 (43.6-44.1) | 40.2 | 39.8 (39.6-40.0) | 49.2 | 48.1 (47.7-48.4) |
Province-level variables | 1987 | 2006 | ||||
Median | Interquartile range | Median | Interquartile range | |||
Per capita gross domestic product (yuan) | 756 | 641-1098 | 13313 | 10798-21788 | ||
Number of health professional in per 1,000 people | 3.4 | 2.8-4.7 | 3.7 | 3.0-4.5 | ||
Proportion of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery (%) | 77 | 62.5-80.2 | 1.9 | 1.1-5.3 | ||
Illiterate (%) | 26.2 | 20.5-30.7 | 9.2 | 5.2-11.3 | ||
Percentage of aged 65 and older (%) | 5.5 | 5.0-6.0 | 9 | 8.1-10.6 |