Table 1 Proportion of households facing catastrophic health expenditure (CHE), impoverishment and out-of-pocket payments for dental care in low, lower middle and upper middle income countries
Income group | Country | CHE | Impoverishment | Paid for dental care | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | (95% CI) | % | (95% CI) | % | (95% CI) | ||
Low | Bangladesh | 29.8 | (8.0–31.6) | 10.8 | (9.6–12.1) | 7.9 | (6.9–9.0) |
Income | Burkina Faso | 12.4 | (11.0–14.0) | 5.3 | (4.5–6.2) | 1.7 | (1.3–2.2) |
Countries | Chad | 6.6 | (5.1–8.3) | 3.1 | (2.2–4.2) | 3.3 | (2.4–4.4) |
Comoros | 21.1 | (19.1–23.2) | 10.2 | (8.6–12.0) | 9.4 | (7.7–11.4) | |
Congo, Republic | 19.7 | (14.1–26.3) | 10.2 | (6.6–14.9) | 6.2 | (2.9–11.2) | |
Ivory Coast | 14.6 | (12.6–16.7) | 6.9 | (5.5–8.5) | 4.0 | (3.0–5.1) | |
Ethiopia | 7.1 | (5.7–8.8) | 3.0 | (2.3–3.9) | 1.8 | (1.2–2.7) | |
Ghana | 11.5 | (10.1–13.0) | 4.4 | (3.6–5.3) | 2.4 | (1.7–3.1) | |
India | 19.4 | (17.8–21.1) | 9.2 | (7.9–10.5) | 6.8 | (5.5–8.2) | |
Kenya | 6.9 | (5.8–8.2) | 3.1 | (2.4–3.9) | 4.5 | (3.5–5.8) | |
Lao PDR | 12.9 | (11.3–14.6) | 6.1 | (5.2–7.2) | 1.5 | (1.1–2.0) | |
Malawi | 4.3 | (3.5–5.2) | 2.0 | (1.5–2.5) | 1.7 | (1.3–2.3) | |
Mauritania | 4.8 | (3.5–6.5) | 2.2 | (1.5–3.0) | 7.5 | (5.8–9.6) | |
Myanmar | 11.5 | (10.0–13.1) | 3.9 | (3.3–4.6) | 1.5 | (1.1–2.0) | |
Pakistan | 23.4 | (20.5–26.5) | 9.6 | (8.1–11.2) | 10.0 | (7.3–13.2) | |
Senegal | 9.3 | (7.0–12.0) | 2.9 | (1.7–4.6) | 10.3 | (7.8–13.2) | |
Vietnam | 12.8 | (10.2–15.7) | 4.3 | (3.2–5.7) | 2.0 | (1.1–3.4) | |
Lower | Bosnia & Herzegovina | 9.7 | (7.0–13.1) | 2.5 | (1.7–3.6) | 14.6 | (8.4–22.9) |
Middle | Brazil | 19.8 | (18.3–21.4) | 8.0 | (7.0–8.9) | 13.4 | (12.1–14.8) |
Income | China | 15.6 | (13.3–18.0) | 5.3 | (3.8–7.0) | 2.5 | (1.8–3.4) |
Countries | Dominican Republic | 8.8 | (7.1–10.7) | 4.4 | (3.5–5.3) | 5.5 | (4.4–6.7) |
Georgia | 11.1 | (9.1–13.2) | 3.5 | (2.6–4.5) | 12.4 | (9.6–15.5) | |
Kazakhstan | 15.1 | (11.8–18.9) | 3.5 | (2.4–4.9) | 10.7 | (8.6–13.0) | |
Morocco | 20.3 | (18.5–22. 2) | 7.6 | (6.3–9.0) | 8.3 | (6.7–10.1) | |
Namibia | 3.1 | (2.4–3.8) | 1.2 | (0.8–1.7) | 2.3 | (1.6–3.1) | |
Paraguay | 14.4 | (13.2–15.7) | 5.3 | (4.6–6.0) | 12.3 | (11.1–13.7) | |
Philippines | 12 | (10.9–13.2) | 4.5 | (3.9–5.2) | 4.7 | (3.9–5.7) | |
Russian Federation | 8.4 | (6.2–11.0) | 3.3 | (2.0–5.1) | 23.7 | (19.8–27.9) | |
South Africa | 4.3 | (3.3–5.6) | 1.7 | (1.1–2.3) | 4.8 | (3.3–6.9) | |
Swaziland | 4.4 | (3.0–6.2) | 1.3 | (0.7–2.1) | 10.2 | (7.4–13.5) | |
Tunisia | 18.3 | (16.5–20.1) | 6.2 | (5.3–7.2) | 5.4 | (4.5–6.4) | |
Ukraine | 20.0 | (15.4–25.1) | 8 | (5.2–11.6) | 19.6 | (14.8–25.0) | |
Upper | Croatia | 4.9 | (3.4–6.8) | 1.5 | (0.7–2.9) | 7.4 | (5.4–9.7) |
Middle | Czech Republic | 3.4 | (1.9–5.4) | 0.5 | (0.1–1.4) | 9.3 | (5.7–14.1) |
Income | Estonia | 11.0 | (9.0–13.2) | 2.8 | (2.0–3.8) | 16.5 | (14.0–19.3) |
Countries | Latvia | 11.1 | (8.5–14.0) | 3.7 | (2.1–5.8) | 11.9 | (9.2–14.9) |
Malaysia | 4.1 | (3.4–4.9) | 1.6 | (1.2–2.0) | 6.1 | (5.4–7.0) | |
Mauritius | 11.6 | (10.0–13.3) | 1.9 | (1.4–2.5) | 5.5 | (4.5–6.6) | |
Mexico | 5.8 | (5.3–6.3) | 2.3 | (2.0–2.5) | 11.3 | (10.7–11.9) | |
Uruguay | 6.0 | (4.1–8.2) | 0.9 | (0.7–1.2) | 9.6 | (7.8–11.7) | |