|
Pre-pregnancy
|
1st trimester
|
2nd trimester
|
3rd trimester
|
---|
Variables
|
OR (95%CI)
|
OR (95%CI)
|
OR (95%CI)
|
OR (95%CI)
|
---|
|
2004
|
2015
|
2004
|
2015
|
2004
|
2015
|
2004
|
2015
|
---|
Maternal age (years)a
|
|
p = 0.006
|
p = 0.636
|
p = 0.046
|
p = 0.013
|
p = 0.650
|
p = 0.106
|
p = 0.138
|
p = 0.554
|
12 –19
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
20 –29
|
1.12 (0.81 –1.56)
|
0.94 (0.68 –1.30)
|
1.19 (0.80 –1.77)
|
0.93 (0.58 –1.49)
|
1.16 (0.74 –1.80)
|
0.70 (0.40 –1.22)
|
0.99 (0.61 –1.62)
|
0.95 (0.47 –1.90)
|
30 –39
|
1.69 (1.17 –2.44)
|
1.00 (0.70 –1.43)
|
1.69 (1.07 –2.67)
|
1.44 (0.85 –2.42)
|
1.34 (0.79 –2.27)
|
1.07 (0.57 –1.98)
|
0.71 (0.38 –1.34)
|
1.06 (0.48 –2.34)
|
40 –47
|
1.08 (0.54 –2.18)
|
1.07 (0.58 –1.96)
|
1.01 (0.40 –2.57)
|
1.68 (0.73 –3.86)
|
0.43 (0.10 –1.89)
|
1.13 (0.40 –3.15)
|
0.46 (0.10 –2.09)
|
1.11 (0.28 –4.44)
|
Family income (quintiles)a
|
p < 0.001
|
p = 0.05
|
p = 0.017
|
p = 0.061
|
p = 0.119
|
p = 0.073
|
p = 0.110
|
p = 0.068
|
1 (poorest)
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
2
|
1.21 (0.80 –1.84)
|
0.87 (0.63 –1.19)
|
1.32 (0.83 –2.11)
|
1.71 (1.06 –2.77)
|
1.45 (0.83 –2.55)
|
1.33 (0.76 –2.31)
|
1.39 (0.72 –2.69)
|
1.45 (0.72 –2.94)
|
3
|
1.64 (1.11 –2.43)
|
1.04 (0.77 –1.42)
|
1.37 (0.87 –2.17)
|
1.26 (0.76 –2.10)
|
1.93 (1.14 –3.28)
|
0.91 (0.49 –1.67)
|
2.05 (1.11 –3.78)
|
1.32 (0.63 –2.77)
|
4
|
2.10 (1.44 –3.07)
|
0.95 (0.70 –1.29)
|
1.36 (0.86 –2.14)
|
1.55 (0.95 –2.53)
|
1.42 (0.82 –2.47)
|
0.87 (0.47 –1.59)
|
1.59 (0.84 –3.03)
|
0.87 (0.39 –1.97)
|
5 (wealthiest)
|
3.23 (2.21 –4.73)
|
1.36 (0.98 –1.90)
|
1.80 (1.14 –2.85)
|
1.75 (1.04 –2.95)
|
1.70 (0.98 –2.95)
|
1.88 (1.03 –3.43)
|
1.80 (0.94 –3.46)
|
2.64 (1.21 –5.78)
|
Schooling (years)a
|
|
p < 0.001
|
p < 0.001
|
p < 0.001
|
p = 0.006
|
p < 0.001
|
p = 0.073
|
p < 0.001
|
p = 0.583
|
0 –4
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
5 –8
|
1.65 (1.08 –2.52)
|
2.07 (1.24 –3.43)
|
1.50 (0.89 –2.52)
|
1.23 (0.64 –2.37)
|
1.51 (0.74 –1.80)
|
1.11 (0.52 –2.38)
|
1.85 (0.86 –3.98)
|
0.84 (0.37 –1.94)
|
9 –11
|
2.09 (1.35 –3.25)
|
2.72 (1.65 –4.50)
|
2.23 (1.31 –3.82)
|
1.23 (0.64 –2.36)
|
2.18 (1.15 –4.12)
|
1.16 (0.54 –2.49)
|
2.23 (1.00 –4.95)
|
0.72 (0.31 –1.69)
|
≥ 12
|
3.46 (2.12 –5.66)
|
4.74 (2.80 –8.03)
|
3.33 (1.82 –6.11)
|
2.20 (1.11 –4.35)
|
4.42 (2.17 –8.99)
|
1.97 (0.87 –4.45)
|
4.77 (1.97 –11.53)
|
0.77 (0.28 –1.98)
|
Paritya
|
|
p = 0.004
|
p = 0.02
|
p = 0.002
|
p = 0.001
|
p = 0.003
|
p = 0.012
|
p = 0.040
|
p = 0.090
|
1
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
2
|
0.74 (0.57 –0.95)
|
0.75 (0.61 –0.93)
|
0.57 (0.41 –0.80)
|
0.62 (0.45 –0.84)
|
0.50 (0.34 –0.74)
|
0.60 (0.40 –0.89)
|
0.51 (0.32 –0.82)
|
0.73 (0.44 –1.21)
|
3
|
0.66 (0.49 –0.88)
|
0.80 (0.60 –1.07)
|
0.59 (0.41 –0.84)
|
0.55 (0.35 –0.86)
|
0.56 (0.37 –0.85)
|
0.66 (0.39 –1.14)
|
0.62 (0.38 –1.03)
|
0.61 (0.30 –1.24)
|
Pre-pregnancy BMI
|
|
p = 0.713
|
p = 0.423
|
p = 0.399
|
p = 0.485
|
p = 0.783
|
p = 0.056
|
p = 0.198
|
p = 0.198
|
< 18.5
|
0.40 (0.21 –0.76)
|
0.90 (0.53 –1.51)
|
1.00 (0.43 –2.34)
|
1.26 (0.56 –2.86)
|
1.04 (0.45 –2.38)
|
0.83 (0.31 –2.21)
|
0.40 (0.12 –1.35)
|
1.35 (0.51 –3.62)
|
18.5 –24.9
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
25.0 –29.9
|
1.06 (0.80 –1.41)
|
1.24 (1.00 –1.53)
|
1.23 (0.80 –1.89)
|
1.02 (0.72 –1.44)
|
0.82 (0.51 –1.33)
|
0.70 (0.47 –1.06)
|
0.61 (0.34 –1.10)
|
0.83 (0.51 –1.37)
|
> =30
|
1.11 (0.75 –1.65)
|
0.99 (0.77 –1.26)
|
1.14 (0.61 –2.10)
|
0.81 (0.53 –1.23)
|
1.11 (0.58 –2.10)
|
0.70 (0.43 –1.13)
|
0.94 (0.45 –1.96)
|
0.44 (0.21 –0.92)
|
Pre-pregnancy LTPA (≥150 min/week)
| | |
p < 0.001
|
p < 0.001
|
p < 0.001
|
p < 0.001
|
p < 0.001
|
p < 0.001
|
Yes
| | |
51.7 (35.0 –76.4)
|
37.8 (26.5 –53.8)
|
26.9 (18.0 –40.1)
|
16.2 (11.2 –23.5)
|
15.6 (10.0 –24.2)
|
11.8 (7.4 –18.7)
|
No
| | |
1.0
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
-
aAdjusted for all other variables except pre-pregnancy BMI and LTPA