Skip to main content

Table 4 Odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) of type 2 diabetes mellitus according to white rice intake by age categories, sex, physical activity, race/ethnicity and residence intake in Golestan Cohort Study (GCS) and Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), (2004–2007)

From: White rice intake and incidence of type-2 diabetes: analysis of two prospective cohort studies from Iran

  

GCS*

TLGS†

White Rice Intake (grams/day)

P for trend

 

White Rice Intake (grams/day)

P for trend

N

≤71.1

71.2-120

120.1-210

>210

 

N

<250

250

>250

 

Age

 Below 50

4,751

1

1.03 (0.75, 1.43)

1.22 (0.88, 1.70)

1.10 (0.78, 1.54)

0.11

1,663

1

1.54 (0.64, 3.70)

2.40 (0.88, 6.35)

0.11

 Above 50

4,478

1

0.80 (0.62, 1.03)

0.77 (0.57, 1.02)

1.03 (0.79, 1.36)

0.15

510

1

0.75 (0.36, 1.57)

2.02 (0.85, 4.77)

0.20

  P-value for interaction

0.31

0.04

1.0

   

0.29

0.89

 

Sex

 Female

4,754

1

1.00 (0.78, 1.29)

1.03 (0.77, 1.38)

1.11 (0.83, 1.49)

0.53

1,197

1

0.88 (0.42, 1.83)

1.52 (0.57, 4.07)

0.71

 Male

4,475

1

0.70 (0.50, 0.98)

0.85 (0.61, 1.18)

0.95 (0.69, 1.30)

0.56

976

1

1.45 (0.58, 3.61)

3.11 (1.23, 7.87)

0.02

  P-value for interaction

0.12

0.53

0.75

   

0.36

0.20

 

Physical Activity

 Mild

5,224

1

1.06 (0.83, 1.35)

0.81 (0.61, 1.09)

1.13 (0.85, 1.50)

0.345

866

1

1.04 (0.44, 2.48)

2.22 (0.83, 5.97)

0.17

 Moderate

2,816

1

0.65 (0.43, 0.98)

1.27 (0.87, 1.87)

1.07 (0.73, 1.57)

0.09

466

1

2.50 (0.57, 11.11)

9.86 (2.10, 46.18)

0.01

 Intense

1,189

1

0.60 (0.31, 1.16)

0.60 (0.30, 1.19)

0.68 (0.35, 1.34)

0.34

841

1

0.69 (0.28, 1.69)

0.74 (0.10, 2.56)

0.42

  P-value for interaction**

0.79, 0.33

0.04, 0.98

1.0, 0.66

   

0.29, 0.04

0.54, 0.19

 

 Race/Ethnicity

 Turkmen

7,104

1

0.86 (0.67, 1.09)

0.94 (0.72, 1.22)

1.05 (0.82, 1.36)

0.43

     

 Non-Turkmen

2,125

1

0.97 (0.69, 1.38)

0.99 (0.68, 1.45)

1.07 (0.71, 1.61)

0.74

     

  P-value for interaction

0.49

0.75

0.81

      

Residence

 Rural

7,293

1

0.90 (0.72, 1.13)

0.88 (0.68, 1.14)

1.04 (0.81, 1.34)

0.62

     

 Urban

1,936

1

0.93 (0.60, 1.43)

1.18 (0.77, 1.79)

1.16 (0.76, 1.78)

0.33

     

  Pcpovalue for interaction

0.79

0.59

0.82

      
  1. * Models were adjusted for wealth score (low, low-medium, medium or high), education (illiterate, primary school, middle school or higher) marital status (single, married), employment status (employed, unemployed), opium (yes, no), alcohol (yes, no), smoking (never, former, current, ever hookah, nass or pipe user), quartiles of daily meat intake (g/d; ≤45, 45.1-69.8, 69.9-102.8, >102.8) and quartiles of daily calorie intake (kcal/d; ≤1840.8, 1840.9-2189.5, 2189.6-2552.4, >2552.4). Each model was also additionally adjusted for other covariates not stratified for. † Models were adjusted for family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (yes/no), education (no high school diploma, high school diploma, some university training), marital status (single, married), employment status (employed, unemployed), smoking (never, former, current), family history of diabetes mellitus (yes, no), quartiles of daily meat intake (g/d; ≤32.3, 32.3-50.6, 50.7-76.8, >76.8) and quartiles of daily calorie intake (kcal/d; <1765.1, 1765.1-2237.3, 2237.4-2830.1, >2830.1). Each model was also additionally adjusted for other covariates not stratified for. **Two P-values for interactions are presented; the first represent P-values for the interactions between moderate physical activity and categories of white rice consumption and the second represent p-values for the interaction between intense physical activity and categories of white rice intake
Back to article page

BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

Contact us