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Table 1 Sample characteristics and their associations with baseline response

From: Psychological, social, and mechanical work exposures and disability retirement: a prospective registry study

  Employees aged 18–62 years (N = 28 833) Association with baseline response
Background variable Participants (n = 13 012) Non-participants (n = 15 821)    
  N % N % OR 95% CI P-value
Sex
 Male 5733 44.06 7108 44.93 1.00   
 Female 7279 55.94 8669 54.79 1.04 0.99–1.09 0.091
 Missing data 0 0 44 0.28    
Age in years, mean (SD) 41.91 (10.20)   40.43 (11.19)     
 <30 1725 13.26 3228 20.40 1.00   
 30–39 3791 29.13 4397 27.79 1.61 1.50–1.74 <0.001*
 40–49 4078 31.34 4222 26.69 1.81 1.68–1.94 <0.001*
 50–62 3418 26.27 3974 25.12 1.61 1.49–1.73 <0.001*
Classification of occupationa
 Legislators, senior officials, and managers 1120 8.61 580 3.67 1.83 1.65–2.03 <0.001*
 Professionals 3662 28.14 2837 17.93 1.25 1.18–1.32 <0.001*
 Technicians and associate professionals 3641 27.98 3336 21.09 0.99 0.94–1.05 0.797
 Clerks 728 5.59 527 3.33 1.28 1.14–1.43 <0.001*
 Service workers and shop and market sales workers 2940 22.59 3626 22.92 0.66 0.63–0.70 <0.001*
 Skilled agricultural and fishery workers 1 < 0.01 7 0.04 0.13 0.02–1.06 0.056
 Craft and related trades workers 394 3.03 394 2.49 0.91 0.79–1.05 0.186
 Plant and machine operators and assemblers 44 0.34 95 0.60 0.42 0.29–0.60 <0.001*
 Elementary occupations 322 2.47 312 1.97 0.94 0.81–1.10 0.435
 Armed forces and unspecified 0 0 1 <0.01 -   -
 Missing data 160 1.23 4106 25.95    
Skill levelb
 Competence equivalent to minimum 4 years of higher education (>15 years) 3675 28.24 2848 18.00 1.00   
 Competence equivalent to 1–3 years of higher education (13–15 years) 3683 28.30 3373 21.32 0.85 0.79–0.91 <0.001*
 Competence equivalent to high school (10–12 years) 4150 31.89 4713 29.79 0.68 0.64–0.73 <0.001*
 Occupations that do not require high school (<10 years) 336 2.58 324 2.05 0.80 0.69–0.94 0.008*
 Occupations with unspecified requirements for competence 1120 8.61 581 3.67 1.49 1.34–1.67 <0.001*
 Missing data 48 0.37 3982 25.17    
  1. N number of subjects, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, SD standard deviation
  2. aTreated as binary variables. Each occupational group coded as 1 while all other listed occupational groups coded as 0 (reference) in each analysis
  3. bOccupations grouped into the level of competence expected for the respective occupations. In cases with no information from company records missing values were substituted by, if available, self-reported skill level
  4. * P < 0.05
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