Prevalence, type, and correlates of trauma exposure among adolescent men and women in Soweto, South Africa: implications for HIV prevention

Closson, Kalysha; Dietrich, Janan Janine; Nkala, Busi; Musuku, Addy; Cui, Zishan; Chia, Jason; Gray, Glenda; Lachowsky, Nathan J.; Hogg, Robert S.; Miller, Cari L.; Kaida, Angela

doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3832-0

Table 3 Univariate and adjusted analysis of variables associated with high PTE scores among adolescent men (n = 325)

From: Prevalence, type, and correlates of trauma exposure among adolescent men and women in Soweto, South Africa: implications for HIV prevention

	Low PTE score		High PTE score		p-value	High PTE score vs. Low PTE score
Variables	n	%	n	%	Wilcoxon/Chisq	OR	95% CI		AOR	95% CI
Socio-demographic characteristic
Age at interview (per year, median Q1,Q3)	17	15,18	18	16,18	*<.001*	1.37	1.19	1.59	*1.40*	*1.21*	*1.63*
Years lived in Soweto
Since birth	133	76.9	109	74.2	0.059	Ref			Ref
≥ 5 years	31	17.9	20	13.6		0.79	0.42	1.46	0.75	0.39	1.43
< 5 years	9	5.2	18	12.2		2.44	1.05	5.65	2.78	1.14	6.76
Ethnicity
Zulu	99	56.9	67	44.4	0.174	Ref
Xhosa	18	10.3	21	13.9		1.72	0.85	3.48	Not Selected
Sotho	21	12.1	19	12.6		1.34	0.67	2.67
Tswana	10	5.8	16	10.6		2.36	1.01	5.52
Other ethnicities	26	14.9	28	18.5		1.59	0.86	2.95
Employment
Student	147	85.0	117	77.5	0.193	Ref
Unemployed	20	11.56	24	15.89		1.51	0.79	2.86	Not Selected
Employed	6	3.5	10	6.6		2.09	0.74	5.93	Not Selected
Housing
Brick house/Flat owned by family	123	70.7	97	64.2	0.414	Ref
Brick house/Flat rented by family/Hostel/Other	5	2.9	4	2.7		1.01	0.27	3.88
RDP house/Shack	46	26.44	50	33.11		1.38	0.85	2.23
Food Insecurity
Low	39	22.4	20	13.3	0.026	Ref			Ref
Medium	51	29.3	37	24.5		1.41	0.71	2.81	1.58	0.76	3.29
High	84	48.3	94	62.3		2.18	1.18	4.03	2.63	1.36	5.09
Household Social Grant
No	81	47.9	60	40.3	0.170	Ref			Not Selected
Yes	88	52.1	89	59.7		1.37	0.87	2.13	Not Selected
Incarceration history
No	148	92.5	110	89.4	0.367	Ref
Yes	12	7.5	13	10.6		1.46	0.64	3.32
Sexual behaviour and HIV
HIV testing history
No	99	57.2	88	58.3	0.848	Ref
Yes	74	42.8	63	41.7		0.96	0.62	1.49
HIV Result
Positive	3	1.7	2	1.3	0.940	Ref
Negative	69	39.7	58	38.4		1.26	0.20	7.81
Unknown/Never tested	102	58.6	91	60.3		1.34	0.22	8.19
Sex Ever
No	77	44.3	39	25.8	0.001	Ref			Not included^a
Yes	97	55.8	112	74.2		2.28	1.42	3.65	Not included^a
Ever STI
No	85	48.9	88	58.3	0.001	Ref			Not included^a
Yes	12	6.9	24	15.9		1.93	0.91	4.11
Never had sex	77	44.3	39	25.8		0.49	0.30	0.80
Sexually Active P6M
No	41	24.1	39	26.4	0.001	Ref			Not Included^a
Yes	52	30.6	70	47.3		1.42	0.80	2.49
Never had sex	77	45.3	39	26.4		0.53	0.30	0.95
Inconsistent condom use
Never had sex	77	45.8	39	26.9	0.002	Ref			Not Selected
No	44	26.2	49	33.8		2.20	1.26	3.85
Yes	47	28.0	57	39.3		2.39	1.39	4.13
More than 1 partner in the L6M
No	23	13.6	28	19.4	0.016	Ref			Not Included^a
Yes	28	16.6	38	26.4		1.11	0.53	2.33
Never had sex/Sexually inactive	118	69.8	78	54.2		0.54	0.29	1.01
Substance use and mental health variables
Alcohol use in L6M
No	63	36.4	41	27.2	0.075	1.09	0.47	2.52
Yes	110	63.6	110	72.9		0.65	0.28	1.51
Probable Depression
No	129	74.1	100	66.2	0.119	Ref			Not Selected
Yes (score ≥ 24)	45	25.9	51	33.8		1.54	0.96	2.47	Not Selected
Drug use ever in L6M (excluding marijuana use)
No	165	94.8	132	87.4	0.018	Ref			Not Selected
Yes	9	5.2	19	12.6		2.64	1.16	6.02	Not Selected

Note: AORs and p-values in bold are significant (<.05)
Abbreviations: CI confidence intervals, OR odds ratio, AOR adjusted odds ratio, CES-D center for epidemiologic studies- depression scale, RDP reconstruction and development programme, STI, sexually transmitted infection, HIV human immunodeficiency virus
^aNot included due to Collinearity

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ISSN: 1471-2458

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