Table 3 Factors associated with limited health literacy* stratified by age groups - results of bivariate analyses
From: Health literacy among different age groups in Germany: results of a cross-sectional survey
15–29 | 30–45 | 46–64 | 65–99 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | (n) | p-value** | % | (n) | p-value** | % | (n) | p-value** | % | (n) | p-value** | |
Gender | ||||||||||||
Male | 45.5 | (95) | 0.413 | 46.5 | (104) | 0.771 | 55.2 | (159) | 0.989 | 63.7 | (145) | 0.250 |
Female | 49.6 | (83) | 47.8 | (127) | 55.2 | (182) | 68.9 | (162) | ||||
Educational level | ||||||||||||
Low | 51.2 | (78) | 0.362 | 58.1 | (72) | 0.019 | 65.8 | (120) | 0.003 | 70.2 | (133) | 0.254 |
Medium | 43.2 | (69) | 43.4 | (118) | 50.2 | (159) | 65.3 | (131) | ||||
High | 49.7 | (29) | 43.9 | (42) | 53.4 | (62) | 59.3 | (41) | ||||
Migrant background | ||||||||||||
Yes | 62.9 | (24) | 0.039 | 72.1 | (26) | 0.001 | 73.2 | (33) | 0.011 | 73.7 | (26) | 0.307 |
No | 45.5 | (154) | 44.8 | (201) | 53.8 | (309) | 65.7 | (281) | ||||
Functional health literacy | ||||||||||||
Limited | 66.9 | (36) | 0.002 | 60.6 | (40) | 0.018 | 69.7 | (85) | <0.001 | 78.9 | (102) | <0.001 |
Adequate | 44.0 | (141) | 45.1 | (191) | 51.6 | (257) | 61.5 | (205) | ||||
Social status | ||||||||||||
Low | 68.9 | (33) | 0.002 | 82.3 | (34) | <0.001 | 78.3 | (56) | <0.001 | 81.5 | (71) | <0.001 |
Medium | 47.0 | (103) | 48.0 | (159) | 55.4 | (241) | 65.5 | (209) | ||||
High | 37.4 | (37) | 33.4 | (36) | 38.3 | (38) | 46.7 | (24) | ||||
Doctor visits | ||||||||||||
0–2 | 43.0 | (127) | 0.008 | 37.8 | (135) | <0.001 | 44.2 | (143) | <0.001 | 51.0 | (57) | <0.001 |
3–5 | 62.1 | (42) | 75.2 | (67) | 64.1 | (117) | 68.9 | (133) | ||||
6 or more | 68.0 | (8) | 66.5 | (29) | 72.9 | (81) | 74.1 | (116) | ||||
Total | 47.3 | (178) | 47.2 | (231) | 55.2 | (341) | 66.4 | (307) | ||||