|
Characteristic
|
Total
|
IgG+
|
IgG−
|
OR (95 % CI)
|
p*
|
|---|
|
N = 1000
|
n = 932
|
n = 68
|
|---|
|
%
|
(%)
|
(%)
|
|---|
|
Sampling location
| | | | |
<0.001
|
|
Private hospital
|
14.9
|
125 (13.4)
|
24 (35.3)
|
1.0
| |
|
Government hospital
|
63.4
|
602 (64.6)
|
32 (47.1)
|
3.61 (1.98–6.57)
| |
|
Community A
|
3.6
|
31 (3.3)
|
5 (7.4)
|
0.20 (0.04–0.92)
| |
|
Community B
|
18.1
|
174 (18.7)
|
7 (10.3)
|
4.77 (1.88–12.60)
| |
|
Gender
| | | | |
0.001
|
|
Female
|
53.7
|
514 (55.2)
|
23 (33.8)
|
2.41 (1.39–4.18)
| |
|
Male
|
46.3
|
418 (44.8)
|
45 (66.2)
|
1.0
| |
|
Age (years)a
| | | | |
0.002
|
|
≤ 25
|
26.1
|
232 (24.9)
|
28 (41.2)
|
1.0
| |
|
26–34
|
24.3
|
222 (23.8)
|
20 (29.4)
|
1.34 (0.71–2.55)
| |
|
35–45
|
27.7
|
268 (28.8)
|
8 (11.8)
|
4.04 (1.72–9.84)
| |
|
> 45
|
22.0
|
207 (22.2)
|
12 (17.6)
|
2.08 (0.99–4.46)
| |
|
Marital status
| | | | |
0.008
|
|
Married
|
76.5
|
722 (77.5)
|
43 (63.2)
|
2.0 (1.16–3.45)
| |
|
Unmarried
|
23.5
|
210 (22.5)
|
25 (36.8)
|
1.0
| |
|
Ethnicity
| | | | |
0.34
|
|
Sindhi
|
30.1
|
281 (30.2)
|
20 (29.4)
|
0.49 (0.14–1.56)
| |
|
Baloch
|
9.9
|
91 (9.8)
|
8 (11.8)
|
0.40 (0.10–1.51)
| |
|
Punjabi
|
11.9
|
115 (12.3)
|
4 (5.9)
|
1.0
| |
|
Pakhtoon
|
14.1
|
131 (14.1)
|
10 (14.7)
|
0.46 (0.12–1.64)
| |
|
Urdu speaking
|
19.9
|
180 (19.3)
|
19 (27.9)
|
0.33 (0.09–1.06)
| |
|
Other
|
14.1
|
134 (14.4)
|
7 (10.3)
|
0.67 (0.16–2.61)
| |
|
Education level (years of schooling)
| | | | |
<0.001
|
|
0
|
36.8
|
356 (38.2)
|
12 (17.6)
|
4.52 (2.20–9.45)
| |
|
1–6
|
13.8
|
133 (14.3)
|
5 (7.4)
|
4.06 (1.47–12.11)
| |
|
7–10
|
23.7
|
220 (23.6)
|
17 (25.0)
|
1.97 (1.03–3.80)
| |
|
> 10
|
25.7
|
223 (23.9)
|
34 (50.0)
|
1.0
| |
|
Household size (no. of persons)a
| | | | |
0.98
|
|
1–3
|
9.1
|
83 (9.0)
|
7 (10.3)
|
1.0
| |
|
4–6
|
31.2
|
289 (31.3)
|
20 (29.4)
|
1.22 (0.45–3.18)
| |
|
7–10
|
36.9
|
340 (36.9)
|
25 (36.8)
|
1.04 (0.51–2.07)
| |
|
> 10
|
22.8
|
210 (22.8)
|
16 (23.5)
|
1.11 (0.40–2.99)
| |
|
Household income (USD)
| | | | |
0.008
|
|
≤ 70
|
30.6
|
291 (31.2)
|
15 (22.1)
|
2.58 (1.28–5.23)
| |
|
71–100
|
21.1
|
198 (21.2)
|
13 (19.1)
|
2.03 (0.97–4.28)
| |
|
101–200
|
25.3
|
240 (25.8)
|
13 (19.1)
|
2.46 (1.18–5.17)
| |
|
> 200
|
23.0
|
203 (21.8)
|
27 (39.7)
|
1.0
| |
|
House construction materiala
| | | | |
0.79
|
|
Concrete bricks only
|
66.6
|
619 (66.5)
|
46 (67.6)
|
1.0
| |
|
Mud and concrete mix
|
14.4
|
136 (14.6)
|
8 (11.8)
|
1.26 (0.56–2.97)
| |
|
Straw/wood/mud
|
19.0
|
176 (18.9)
|
14 (20.6)
|
0.93 (0.48–1.83)
| |
|
Crowding indexa
| | | | |
0.003
|
|
≤ 2
|
28.9
|
253 (27.4)
|
33 (48.5)
|
1.0
| |
|
> 2–3
|
20.9
|
197 (21.4)
|
10 (14.7)
|
2.57 (1.18–5.72)
| |
|
> 3–5
|
27.5
|
258 (28.0)
|
14 (20.6)
|
2.40 (1.21–4.84)
| |
|
> 5
|
22.7
|
213 (23.1)
|
11 (16.2)
|
2.53 (1.19–5.45)
| |
- The adjusted OR and 95 % CI were calculated
- USD U.S. dollar, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
- *Comparisons between HCMV-IgG seroprevalence and sociodemographic characteristics were performed by Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test (p < 0.05)
- aThe total sample size (n) for these variables may not equal the total number of samples (N = 1000) because information was unavailable
