The effectiveness of a Housing First adaptation for ethnic minority groups: findings of a pragmatic randomized controlled trial

Table 2 Treatment group changes from baseline^a

Outcome	12 months	P	24 months	P
Health status (EQ5D-VAS)	6.91 (0.17 to 13.66)	0.045	−0.12 (-7.09 to 6.84)	0.97
Mental illness symptomatology (CSI)	−0.22 (-3.42 to 2.98)	0.89	0.04 (-3.39 to 3.46)	0.98
Substance use problem severity (GAIN-SS)	0.62 (0.39 to 0.98)	0.04	1.00 (0.61 to 1.64)	> 0.99
Physical community integration (CIS-PHYS)	0.98 (0.79 to 1.21)	0.84	0.86 (0.70 to 1.07)	0.17
Psychological community integration (CIS-PSYCH)	0.27 (-0.96 to 1.49)	0.67	0.61 (-0.64 to 1.86)	0.34
Community functioning (MCAS)	1.25 (-0.72 to 3.21)	0.21	2.16 (0.06 to 4.26)	0.04
Quality of life (QoLI)	1.83 (-4.70 to 8.36)	0.58	2.94 (-3.55 to 9.42)	0.37
Number of emergency department visits	0.74 (0.36 to 1.51)	0.41	0.67 (0.28 to 1.58)	0.36
Number of arrests	1.66 (0.51 to 5.39)	0.40	1.31 (0.37 to 4.62)	0.67
Amount of money spent on alcohol in past 30 days	−30.76 (-80.58 to 19.06)	0.23	−9.99 (-47.62 to 27.64)	0.60
Amount of money spent on drugs (not prescription) in past 30 days	15.41 (-132.47 to 163.29)	0.84	84.32 (-35.09 to 203.74)	0.17
Number of days in past 30 experienced alcohol problems	0.35 (0.14 to 0.88)	0.03	0.35 (0.12 to 1.02)	0.054
Number of days in the past 30 experienced drug problems	0.73 (0.34 to 1.57)	0.43	0.58 (0.24 to 1.42)	0.23

^aThe change from baseline to the other study time points corresponds to the mean change (95 % CI) for continuous outcomes and the ratio of the rate ratios (95 % CI) for count outcomes. P values were assessed on the basis of the treatment group*time interaction. For continuous outcomes, the time by treatment group interaction examined the change in the mean from baseline to a subsequent follow-up visit (12- and 24-months) for the adapted HF group compared to the usual care group and 95 % CI. For count outcomes (substance use problem severity, physical community integration, number of emergency department visits, number of arrests, days experiencing problems due to alcohol, days experiencing problems due to drugs), the treatment group*time interaction evaluated the ratio of rate ratios for each post-baseline visit (e.g. rate ratio at follow-up visit relative to baseline in the adapted HF group divided by the rate ratio at follow-up visit relative to baseline in the usual care group) and 95 % CI. In these analyses, baseline values were used as a reference time point for all comparisons at subsequent time points (12- and 24-months) and the usual care group was used as a reference group