Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants by race/ethnicity group, NHANES III (n = 16,573)^a

Age (years)

45.5 ± 0.5

42.0 ± 0.4

37.6 ± 0.4

<0.001

<0.001

 20–49

63.1 ± 1.3

70.8 ± 1.3

80.6 ± 0.9

<0.001

<0.001

 50+

36.9 ± 1.3

29.2 ± 1.3

19.4 ± 0.9

Sex, % male

47.9 ± 0.5

43.7 ± 0.9

52.0 ± 0.7

<0.001

<0.001

 Urban

46.5 ± 4.9

59.1 ± 5.6

61.4 ± 6.1

0.011

0.020

 Rural

53.5 ± 4.9

40.9 ± 5.6

38.6 ± 6.1

Household size

2.82 ± 0.04

3.23 ± 0.07

4.33 ± 0.10

<0.001

<0.001

 Never married

14.5 ± 0.9

28.2 ± 1.1

17.7 ± 1.1

<0.001

0.008

 Married

64.0 ± 1.0

36.1 ± 1.1

60.4 ± 1.3

__

 Divorced

8.0 ± 0.4

11.9 ± 0.8

4.7 ± 0.6

<0.001

0.003

 Widowed

7.2 ± 0.4

8.8 ± 0.5

3.5 ± 0.4

<0.001

<0.001

 Other

6.3 ± 0.4

15.0 ± 0.6

13.8 ± 1.2

<0.001

<0.001

Poverty income ratio

3.28 ± 0.06

2.02 ± 0.06

1.77 ± 0.05

<0.001

<0.001

Education, years

12.7 ± 0.1

11.5 ± 0.1

9.0 ± 0.2

<0.001

<0.001

 Insured

93.8 ± 1.1

90.7 ± 2.0

78.9 ± 4.7

0.034

<0.001

 Uninsured

6.2 ± 1.1

9.3 ± 2.0

21.1 ± 4.7

 Never

63.0 ± 1.4

59.8 ± 1.3

70.6 ± 1.3

0.025

<0.001

 Ever

37.0 ± 1.4

40.2 ± 1.3

29.4 ± 1.4

Alcohol, g/d

9.3 ± 0.5

8.8 ± 0.4

8.9 ± 0.6

0.37

0.59

 1995-HEI total score

64.3 ± 0.3

59.5 ± 0.3

63.9 ± 0.5

<0.001

0.39

 MAR total score

74.2 ± 0.3

67.9 ± 0.4

73.7 ± 0.4

<0.001

0.33

 Compare activity for past mo to past yr

0.87 ± 0.01

0.91 ± 0.01

0.88 ± 0.02

0.049

0.74

 Active compared with men/women your age

1.13 ± 0.01

1.06 ± 0.01

1.01 ± 0.02

<0.001

<0.001

 Active now compared with self 10 year ago

0.61 ± 0.02

0.60 ± 0.01

0.66 ± 0.02

0.50

0.09

 # cigarettes/day

10.67 ± 0.27

6.68 ± 0.18

5.19 ± 0.15

<0.001

<0.001

 Years smoked cigarettes

7.81 ± 0.19

6.16 ± 0.17

5.03 ± 0.17

<0.001

<0.001

 (1) In a typical week, how many times do you talk on the telephone with family, friends, or neighbors?

10.2 ± 0.2

12.8 ± 0.6

6.9 ± 0.3

<0.001

<0.001

 (2) How often do you get together with friends or relatives; I mean things like going out together or visiting in each other's homes? (per year)

118.3 ± 2.6

136.9 ± 4.2

108.1 ± 3.8

<0.001

<0.001

 (3) About how often do you visit with any of your other neighbors, either in their homes or in your own? (per year)

65.9 ± 3.0

79.3 ± 5.0

54.2 ± 3.4

0.013

0.024

 (4) How often do you attend church or religious services? (per year)

30.2 ± 1.1

37.3 ± 2.4

33.3 ± 1.9

0.013

0.13

 (5) Altogether, how often do you attend meetings of the clubs or organizations (per year)

13.9 ± 0.6

11.9 ± 0.7

6.6 ± 0.4

0.020

<0.001

  Excellent/Very Good

54.6 ± 1.2

38.1 ± 1.4

28.1 ± 0.9

<0.001

<0.001

  Good

31.6 ± 0.8

38.1 ± 0.9

40.2 ± 1.1

  Fair/Poor

13.8 ± 0.8

23.7 ± 1.1

31.7 ± 1.2

 Co-morbidity index

0.80 ± 0.02

0.60 ± 0.02

0.37 ± 0.01

<0.001

<0.001

 Allostatic load, AL score

1.77 ± 0.04

1.97 ± 0.05

1.84 ± 0.05

0.001

0.30

  Low Albumin

9.6 ± 1.0

19.6 ± 1.5

9.9 ± 0.8

<0.001

0.75

  High CRP

27.2 ± 1.3

37.9 ± 1.4

31.9 ± 1.9

<0.001

0.034

  High waist-hip ratio

63.4 ± 0.9

57.5 ± 1.3

72.2 ± 0.8

<0.001

<0.001

  High total cholesterol

20.2 ± 0.7

17.1 ± 0.7

15.2 ± 1.1

0.004

0.001

  Low HDL-C

24.2 ± 0.9

16.0 ± 0.9

26.1 ± 1.3

<0.001

0.23

  High glycated hemoglobin

5.1 ± 0.4

10.8 ± 0.6

7.5 ± 0.5

<0.001

0.001

  High resting heart rate

6.4 ± 0.4

8.4 ± 0.6

5.7 ± 0.6

0.005

0.33

  High systolic blood pressure

15.8 ± 0.8

18.8 ± 0.7

10.5 ± 0.5

0.002

<0.001

  High diastolic blood pressure

5.9 ± 0.4

11.1 ± 0.6

5.4 ± 0.4

<0.001

0.42