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Table 1 Participant characteristics according to tertile (T) of Dietary Guideline Index (DGI) (n = 4908)a

From: Diet quality is associated with obesity and hypertension in Australian adults: a cross sectional study

 

Overall

Dietary Guideline Index

P-trendb

T1

T2

T3

Men

 n

2346

865

755

726

-

 DGI score

79.2 ± 0.47

64.1 ± 0.38

80.5 ± 0.21

95.7 ± 0.40

<0.001

 Age, y

45.2 ± 0.24

43.2 ± 0.70

46.6 ± 0.81

46.3 ± 0.87

0.018

 Education, %

  Low

19.9

24.6

18.4

15.8

<0.001

  Medium

54.1

56.2

56.2

49.4

  High

26.0

19.2

25.4

34.9

 Smoking, %

  Current smoker

18.8

28.6

14.9

11.2

<0.001

  Ex-smoker

34.9

32.4

39.0

33.6

  Never smoked

46.3

39.0

46.2

55.2

 Physical activity

  Sedentary behavior, min/d

363 ± 6.3

375 ± 8.5

343 ± 9.7

370 ± 10.9

0.60

  Meet recommendations, %

47.2

40.4

47.5

55.0

<0.001

 BMI, kg/m2 c

27.7 ± 0.15

27.9 ± 0.30

27.4 ± 0.26

27.6 ± 0.27

0.53

 BMI category, %

  Underweight/normal weight

30.8

30.2

31.2

31.1

0.25

  Overweight

42.9

39.5

44.8

44.9

  Obese

26.4

30.3

24.1

24.0

 Waist circumference, cmc

97.7 ± 0.38

98.6 ± 0.73

97.1 ± 0.64

97.1 ± 0.66

0.22

 Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

125.5 ± 0.59

126.5 ± 1.16

125.6 ± 0.73

124.4 ± 0.78

0.14

 Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

77.1 ± 0.31

77.6 ± 0.59

77.0 ± 0.55

76.6 ± 0.48

0.15

Women

 n

2562

757

885

920

-

 DGI score

80.9 ± 0.48

64.7 ± 0.48

80.4 ± 0.17

94.6 ± 0.29

<0.001

 Age, y

46.9 ± 0.30

42.2 ± 0.79

47.0 ± 0.63

50.5 ± 0.73

<0.001

 Education, %

  Low

27.2

27.1

25.6

28.8

0.038

  Medium

43.0

47.4

45.4

37.1

  High

29.8

25.5

29.1

34.0

 Smoking, %

  Current smoker

14.4

21.9

13.5

9.1

<0.001

  Ex-smoker

28.0

27.7

27.9

28.2

  Never smoked

57.7

50.4

58.6

62.7

 Physical activity

  Sedentary behavior, min/d

313 ± 4.0

336 ± 10.4

312 ± 8.3

296 ± 6.7

0.007

  Meet recommendations, %

43.9

36.8

44.2

49.3

0.004

 BMI, kg/m2 c

27.0 ± 0.20

27.2 ± 0.40

26.7 ± 0.27

27.1 ± 0.33

0.86

 BMI category, %

  Underweight/normal weight

44.8

43.3

44.8

46.0

0.84

  Overweight

29.6

31.2

30.1

27.7

  Obese

25.7

25.6

25.1

26.4

 Waist circumference, cmc

87.3 ± 0.47

87.6 ± 0.94

86.9 ± 0.72

87.4 ± 0.72

0.96

 Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

119.5 ± 0.46

116.9 ± 0.99

120.1 ± 0.85

121.1 ± 0.95

0.007

 Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

76.0 ± 0.32

75.7 ± 0.68

76.0 ± 0.54

76.2 ± 0.54

0.58

  1. a Values represent means ± SD or percentages
  2. b Linear regression and chi squared tests were used to test for significant differences between groups in continuous and categorical variables, respectively
  3. c Data were log-transformed prior to analyses; values represent the geometric mean ± SD
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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