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Table 2 Univariable analyses of severity of pain by BMI and covariates (socio-demographic and health-related variables)

From: Two colliding epidemics – obesity is independently associated with chronic pain interfering with activities of daily living in adults 18 years and over; a cross-sectional, population-based study

 

Total

No pain

Pain but no interference with day-to-day activities

Regular pain that interferes with day-to-day activities

n

n

% (95 % CI)

n

% (95 % CI)

n

% (95 % CI)

Overall

2616

1972

75.4 (73.7–77.0)

350

13.4 (12.1–14.7)

294

11.2 (10.1–12.5)

BMI

 Normal/underweight

1209

961

79.5 (77.1–81.6)

151

12.5 (10.8–14.5)

97

8.0 (6.6–9.7)

 Overweight

843

632

74.9 (71.9–77.7)

114

13.6 (11.4–16.0)

97

11.5 (9.5–13.8)

 Obese

564

379

67.3 (63.3–71.0)

84

14.9 (12.2–18.1)

100

17.8 (14.9–21.2)

Covariates

Sex

 Male

1326

1026

77.4 (75.0–79.5)

155

11.7 (10.1–13.5)

145

10.9 (9.4–12.7)

 Female

290

946

73.3 (70.8–75.7)

195

15.1 (13.3–17.2)

149

11.6 (9.9–13.4)

Age group

 15-24

385

331

85.9 (82.1–89.1)

30

7.7 (5.4–10.8)

25

6.4 (4.3–9.3)

 25-34

409

315

76.9 (72.6–80.7)

59

14.5 (11.4–18.2)

35

8.7 (6.3–11.8)

 35-44

483

391

80.8 (77.0–84.1)

54

11.1 (8.6–14.3)

39

8.1 (6.0–10.8)

 45-54

477

352

73.8 (69.6–77.5)

64

13.4 (10.6–16.8)

61

12.8 (10.1–16.1)

 55-64

372

259

69.6 (64.7–74.0)

60

16.1 (12.7–20.2)

53

14.3 (11.2–18.3)

 65-74

286

188

65.6 (59.9–70.9)

51

17.9 (13.9–22.8)

47

16.4 (12.6–21.2)

 75+

203

137

67.5 (60.8–73.6)

32

15.8 (11.5–21.5)

34

16.6 (12.1–22.3)

Area of residence (rurality)

 Metro. Adelaide

1952

1471

75.4 (73.4–77.2)

273

14.0 (12.5–15.6)

208

10.7 (9.4–12.1)

 SA Country

656

496

75.6 (72.1–78.7)

75

11.5 (9.2–14.1)

85

13.0 (10.6–15.8)

Marital status

 Married/De facto

1701

1278

75.2 (73.1–77.2)

234

13.7 (12.2–15.4)

189

11.1 (9.7–12.7)

 Separated/Divorced

211

147

69.8 (63.3–75.6)

28

13.4 (9.4–18.6)

35

16.8 (12.4–22.5)

 Widowed

34

90

67.1 (58.7–74.4)

22

16.5 (11.1–23.7)

22

16.5 (11.1–23.7)

 Never married

561

447

79.7 (76.2–82.8)

66

11.8 (9.4–14.8)

48

8.5 (6.5–11.1)

Country of birth

 Australia

1906

1456

76.4 (74.4–78.2)

252

13.2 (11.8–14.8)

198

10.4 (9.1–11.9)

 UK and Ireland

327

228

69.7 (64.5–74.4)

49

15.1 (11.6–19.4)

50

15.2 (11.7–19.5)

 Other

384

289

75.3 (70.7–79.3)

49

12.7 (9.8–16.4)

46

12.0 (9.1–15.7)

Educational attainment

 Up to secondary

145

862

75.3 (72.7–77.7)

148

12.9 (11.1–15.0)

135

11.8 (10.1–13.8)

 Trade, Apprenticeship, Certificate, Diploma

995

725

72.8 (70.0–75.5)

145

14.6 (12.6–16.9)

125

12.5 (10.6–14.8)

 Degree or higher

467

384

82.1 (78.4–85.3)

56

12.0 (9.4–15.3)

28

5.9 (4.1–8.4)

Household annual income

 Up to $20,000

330

216

65.4 (60.1–70.3)

52

15.9 (12.4–20.2)

62

18.7 (14.9–23.3)

 $20,001 to $50,000

625

451

72.1 (68.4–75.4)

87

14.0 (11.5–16.9)

87

14.0 (11.5–16.9)

 $50,001 to $80,000

539

430

79.7 (76.1–82.9)

66

12.2 (9.7–15.3)

43

8.0 (6.0–10.6)

 $80,001 or more

644

495

76.8 (73.4–79.9)

96

15.0 (12.4–17.9)

53

8.2 (6.4–10.6)

 Not stated

478

381

79.8 (75.9–83.1)

48

10.0 (7.6–13.0)

49

10.2 (7.8–13.3)

 Overall

2616

1972

75.4 (73.7–77.0)

350

13.4 (12.1–14.7)

294

11.2 (10.1–12.5)

  1. Respondents were placed into one of three groups indicating if they experienced pain and if the pain impacted on activities of daily living. Respondents reporting pain without an impact on their activities of daily living were more likely to be female in an older age group, widowed and experiencing co-morbid illness. Respondents who reported regular pain interfering with their activities of daily living were more likely to be from an older age group, obese, living in a lower income household and with a lower educational qualification. This group of respondents were also more likely to be living with active comorbid illnesses