Table 4 Linear and logistic regression estimates of the association between widowhood accounting for duration and health among older adults in India

Linear Outcome

b

(95 % CI)

b

(95 % CI)

Self-Rated Health

Widowed 0 to 4 years

0.1

(−0.04, 0.23)

0.14**

(0.06, 0.22)

Widowed 5 to 9 years

−0.12

(−0.26, 0.03)

−0.01

(−0.09, 0.08)

Widowed 10+ years

0.01

(−0.11, 0.12)

0.09*

(0.02, 0.15)

Psychological Distress

Widowed 0 to 4 years

−0.22

(−0.67, 0.24)

0.51**

(0.21, 0.80)

Widowed 5 to 9 years

−0.09

(−0.58, 0.40)

0.06

(−0.26, 0.37)

Widowed 10+ years

0.23

(−0.16, 0.61)

0.37**

(0.12, 0.62)

Cognitive Ability

Widowed 0 to 4 years

−0.13

(−0.34, 0.09)

−0.13*

(−0.26, −0.01)

Widowed 5 to 9 years

−0.24*

(−0.47, −0.01)

−0.01

(−0.14, 0.13)

Widowed 10+ years

−0.18

(−0.37, 0.001)

−0.15**

(−0.25, −0.04)

Binary Outcome

AOR

(95 % CI)

AOR

(95 % CI)

Poor Health

Widowed 0 to 4 years

1.32

(0.94, 1.87)

1.40**

(1.13, 1.72)

Widowed 5 to 9 years

0.82

(0.57, 1.17)

0.77*

(0.62, 0.95)

Widowed 10+ years

0.99

(0.75, 1.31)

1.11

(0.93, 1.31)

Probable Mental Disorder

Widowed 0 to 4 years

0.92

(0.62, 1.36)

1.43**

(1.14, 1.78)

Widowed 5 to 9 years

1.13

(0.76, 1.67)

1.09

(0.86, 1.38)

Widowed 10+ years

1.38*

(1.01, 1.88)

1.25*

(1.04, 1.50)

Hypertension

Widowed 0 to 4 years

0.93

(0.62, 1.38)

1.52***

(1.22, 1.90)

Widowed 5 to 9 years

0.7

(0.43, 1.14)

0.86

(0.67, 1.11)

Widowed 10+ years

0.92

(0.65, 1.29)

1.39***

(1.16, 1.67)

Diabetes

Widowed 0 to 4 years

1.64**

(1.06, 2.54)

1.15

(0.85, 1.56)

Widowed 5 to 9 years

1.36

(0.81, 2.30)

0.93

(0.66, 1.32)

Widowed 10+ years

0.86

(0.54, 1.36)

1.23

(0.95, 1.58)

Arthritis

Widowed 0 to 4 years

0.73

(0.50, 1.07)

1.01

(0.82, 1.25)

Widowed 5 to 9 years

0.97

(0.66, 1.44)

0.95

(0.76, 1.19)

Widowed 10+ years

0.96

(0.71, 1.29)

1.15

(0.97, 1.36)

Asthma

Widowed 0 to 4 years

1.23

(0.75, 2.02)

1.32

(0.91, 1.90)

Widowed 5 to 9 years

0.70

(0.36, 1.37)

1.37

(0.94, 2.00)

Widowed 10+ years

0.93

(0.60, 1.45)

1.07

(0.79, 1.46)

Diagnosed with at least 1 chronic disease

Widowed 0 to 4 years

0.8

(0.56, 1.13)

1.12

(0.92, 1.37)

Widowed 5 to 9 years

0.78

(0.54, 1.15)

0.95

(0.77, 1.18)

Widowed 10+ years

0.93

(0.70, 1.23)

1.20*

(1.02, 1.41)