Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of a representative sample of older adults (60 + years) across seven states in India in 2011 (N = 9,171)
| Â | Total N and % in sub-category | Self-Rated Health | Psychological Distress | Cognitive Ability | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | |||||||||
N | % | N | % | Mean | S.D | Mean | S.D | Mean | S.D | Mean | S.D | Mean | S.D. | Mean | S.D. | |
Marital Status | ||||||||||||||||
 Currently Married | 3698 | 85.5 | 1888 | 39 | 3.4 | 1.0 | 3.5 | 1.0 | 3.4 | 3.9 | 3.1 | 3.6 | 4.6 | 1.7 | 4.3 | 1.6 |
 Widowed 0 to 4 years | 189 | 4.4 | 690 | 14.2 | 3.7 | 0.9 | 3.7 | 1.0 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 4.3 | 3.9 | 4.1 | 1.9 | 3.8 | 1.6 |
 Widowed 5 to 9 years | 162 | 3.7 | 631 | 13 | 3.4 | 1.0 | 3.5 | 0.9 | 3.9 | 4.2 | 3.5 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 1.6 | 4.2 | 1.6 |
 Widowed 10+ years | 277 | 6.4 | 1636 | 33.8 | 3.6 | 1.0 | 3.8 | 1.0 | 3.0 | 3.6 | 4.5 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 1.7 | 3.5 | 1.6 |
Age Group | ||||||||||||||||
 60–64 | 1519 | 35.1 | 1716 | 35.4 | 3.2 | 1.0 | 3.4 | 1.0 | 2.6 | 3.4 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 4.9 | 1.6 | 4.4 | 1.6 |
 65–69 | 1219 | 28.2 | 1324 | 27.3 | 3.4 | 1.0 | 3.6 | 1.0 | 3.0 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 4.6 | 1.6 | 4.0 | 1.6 |
 70–74 | 771 | 17.8 | 819 | 16.9 | 3.4 | 1.1 | 3.7 | 1.0 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 4.3 | 1.6 | 3.7 | 1.5 |
 75–79 | 395 | 9.1 | 462 | 9.6 | 3.6 | 1.0 | 3.8 | 1.0 | 3.5 | 3.8 | 4.5 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 1.8 | 3.4 | 1.6 |
 80+ years | 422 | 9.8 | 524 | 10.8 | 3.8 | 1.1 | 3.9 | 1.0 | 4.4 | 4.1 | 5.1 | 4.1 | 3.5 | 1.8 | 3.0 | 1.7 |
Living with Children | ||||||||||||||||
 No | 1255 | 29 | 1328 | 27.4 | 3.4 | 1.0 | 3.6 | 1.0 | 3.2 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 4.6 | 1.7 | 4.0 | 1.7 |
 Yes | 3071 | 71 | 3517 | 72.6 | 3.4 | 1.0 | 3.6 | 1.0 | 3.1 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 4.4 | 1.7 | 3.9 | 1.6 |
Caste | ||||||||||||||||
 Scheduled Caste | 850 | 19.6 | 968 | 20 | 3.6 | 1.0 | 3.7 | 1.0 | 3.6 | 3.9 | 4.3 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 1.7 | 3.6 | 1.5 |
 Schedule Tribe | 222 | 5.1 | 250 | 5.2 | 3.3 | 0.9 | 3.5 | 0.9 | 4.1 | 3.8 | 4.8 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 1.4 | 3.7 | 1.5 |
 Other Backward Caste | 1515 | 35 | 1702 | 35.1 | 3.5 | 1.0 | 3.6 | 1.0 | 3.5 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 4.5 | 1.6 | 4.0 | 1.7 |
 None of them | 1739 | 40.2 | 1925 | 39.7 | 3.3 | 1.1 | 3.5 | 1.1 | 2.4 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.6 | 4.6 | 1.8 | 4.0 | 1.7 |
Work status (in the last 1Â year) | ||||||||||||||||
 No | 2759 | 63.8 | 4334 | 89.5 | 3.5 | 1.0 | 3.6 | 1.0 | 3.3 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 4.4 | 1.8 | 3.9 | 1.7 |
 Yes | 1567 | 36.2 | 511 | 10.5 | 3.3 | 1.0 | 3.4 | 1.0 | 2.8 | 3.4 | 4.0 | 3.7 | 4.6 | 1.6 | 4.0 | 1.5 |
Education | ||||||||||||||||
 None | 1353 | 31.3 | 2940 | 60.7 | 3.6 | 1.0 | 3.7 | 1.0 | 4.3 | 4.0 | 4.4 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 1.5 | 3.6 | 1.5 |
  < 5 years | 945 | 21.8 | 966 | 19.9 | 3.5 | 1.0 | 3.6 | 1.1 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 4.1 | 1.6 | 4.0 | 1.6 |
 6 to 10 years | 1406 | 32.5 | 723 | 14.9 | 3.3 | 1.0 | 3.4 | 1.0 | 2.2 | 3.2 | 2.1 | 3.0 | 4.9 | 1.6 | 4.8 | 1.6 |
  ≥ 11 years | 622 | 14.4 | 216 | 4.5 | 3.0 | 1.1 | 3.3 | 1.1 | 1.8 | 2.8 | 1.9 | 3.0 | 5.5 | 1.8 | 5.4 | 1.9 |
Household Wealth Quintile | ||||||||||||||||
 Bottom | 779 | 18 | 1000 | 20.6 | 3.7 | 0.9 | 3.8 | 0.9 | 5.0 | 3.7 | 5.4 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 1.4 | 3.6 | 1.5 |
 Second | 839 | 19.4 | 1007 | 20.8 | 3.5 | 1.0 | 3.6 | 1.0 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 4.4 | 3.9 | 4.1 | 1.6 | 3.7 | 1.5 |
 Third | 820 | 19 | 987 | 20.4 | 3.5 | 1.0 | 3.6 | 1.0 | 3.2 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.8 | 4.3 | 1.7 | 3.9 | 1.6 |
 Fourth | 934 | 21.6 | 904 | 18.7 | 3.3 | 1.0 | 3.5 | 1.0 | 2.3 | 3.4 | 3.0 | 3.7 | 4.8 | 1.7 | 4.2 | 1.7 |
 Top | 954 | 22.1 | 947 | 19.6 | 3.2 | 1.1 | 3.5 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 3.2 | 5.1 | 1.8 | 4.4 | 1.8 |
Place | ||||||||||||||||
 Urban | 2035 | 47 | 2322 | 47.9 | 3.3 | 1.0 | 3.5 | 1.0 | 2.6 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.7 | 4.7 | 1.8 | 4.1 | 1.7 |
 Rural | 2291 | 53 | 2523 | 52.1 | 3.5 | 1.0 | 3.7 | 1.0 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 4.3 | 1.6 | 3.8 | 1.5 |
State | ||||||||||||||||
 Himachal Pradesh | 727 | 16.8 | 709 | 14.6 | 3.1 | 1.1 | 3.3 | 1.1 | 1.8 | 3.3 | 2.8 | 3.9 | 5.2 | 1.8 | 4.2 | 1.7 |
 Punjab | 621 | 14.4 | 696 | 14.4 | 3.6 | 0.9 | 3.8 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 2.8 | 1.9 | 3.0 | 4.4 | 1.6 | 4.2 | 1.6 |
 West Bengal | 477 | 11 | 550 | 11.4 | 3.9 | 0.8 | 4.2 | 0.8 | 4.5 | 2.9 | 4.7 | 3.1 | 3.6 | 1.4 | 3.1 | 1.2 |
 Orissa | 703 | 16.3 | 713 | 14.7 | 3.3 | 0.9 | 3.4 | 0.9 | 4.3 | 3.6 | 5.1 | 3.7 | 4.1 | 1.5 | 3.7 | 1.5 |
 Maharashtra | 624 | 14.4 | 704 | 14.5 | 3.1 | 1.1 | 3.2 | 1.0 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 4.6 | 1.5 | 4.1 | 1.5 |
 Kerala | 539 | 12.5 | 736 | 15.2 | 3.7 | 1.2 | 3.9 | 1.1 | 1.9 | 2.9 | 3.2 | 3.6 | 4.0 | 1.9 | 3.7 | 1.9 |
 Tamil Nadu | 635 | 14.7 | 737 | 15.2 | 3.4 | 0.7 | 3.5 | 0.8 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.8 | 4.3 | 4.9 | 1.6 | 4.4 | 1.5 |