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Table 3 General Estimating Equation (GEE) Longitudinal analysis over 5 years for Physical Health outcomes and General Practitioner (GP) Service use. Farmers v’s Non-farm Workers. Results show Beta values for continuous variables and odds ratios (OR) for dichotomous variables (95 % Confidence Intervals)

From: The health and wellbeing of Australian farmers: a longitudinal cohort study

 

Farmers (estimated marginal means)

Non-farm workers (estimated marginal means)

Unadjusted GEE Farmer v Non-farm Worker

TOTAL effecta GEE Farmer v Non-Farm Worker

p Interactionb

ASGC regional (inner or outer) N = 2112

ASGC remote (remote or very remote) N = 824

Self-report Physical Health N = 3035

3.21 (SE 0.06)

3.35 (SE 0.02)

β = −0.14 (−0.27, −0.02)*

β = 0.03 (−0.13, 0.19)

β = −0.19 (−0.39, 0.01) p = 0.06

0.02

Harmful Alcohol Use N = 2750

4.16 (SE 0.28)

4.40 (SE 0.13)

β = −0.24 (−0.85, 0.38)

β = −0.44 (−1.11, 0.24)

NS

Current Smoker N = 2732

9 % (SE 2 %)

13 % (SE 1 %)

OR 0.64 (0.37, 3.09)

OR 0.63 (0.35, 3.71)

NS

Overweight BMI ≥ 25 N = 1920

71 % (SE 4 %)

68 % (SE 1.5 %)

OR 1.19 (0.81, 1.72)

OR 0.77 (0.51, 1.17)

NS

Adequate Exercise N = 965c

15 % (SE 3 %)

19 % (SE 1.4 %)

OR 0.72 (0.42, 1.22)

0.78 (0.44, 1.38)

NS

Chronic Illness N = 2990

14 % (SE 2 %)

12 % (SE 0.8 %)

OR 1.15 (0.80, 1.66)

OR 0.66 (0.44, 0.98)*

NS

Injury in the last 12 months N = 2992

18 % (SE 2 %)

17 % (0.8 %)

OR 1.07 (0.78, 1.46)

OR 1.05 (0.76, 1.45)

NS

Number of visits to a GP in the last 12 months N = 2693

1.46 (SE 0.08)

1.60 (0.04)

β = −0.09 (−0.21, 0.03)

β = −0.13 (−0.25, −0.01)*

NS

  1. aTOTAL effect adjusted for confounders: age, gender, completed school, ARIA
  2. bProbability of interaction farmer status x ARIA+
  3. CThis data was only recorded at baseline and therefore is not longitudinal
  4. *p < 0.05