Variables | SMM (n = 145) | Non-SMM (n = 187) | P value | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | mean | (SDa) | n | (%) | mean | (SDa) | n | (%) |  |
Sociodemographic characteristics | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Age (year) | 31.6 | (6.26) | Â | Â | 29.2 | (5.65) | Â | Â | <0.001b |
Household income (RM/month) | 2405.2 | (1892.06) | Â | Â | 2321.1 | (2066.54) | Â | Â | 0.547b |
Education level | |||||||||
 Nil and Primary  Secondary  Tertiary |  |  | 7 87 51 | (4.8) (60.0) (35.2) |  |  | 5 104 78 | (2.7) (55.6) (41.7) | 0.330c |
Occupation | |||||||||
 Unemployed  Self-employed  Implementory  Professional |  |  | 74 8 41 22 | (51.0) (5.5) (28.3) (15.2) |  |  | 99 19 42 27 | (52.9) (10.2) (22.5) (14.4) | 0.340c |
Marital status | |||||||||
 Married  Single |  |  | 145 0 | (100.0) (0.0) |  |  | 186 1 | (99.5) (0.5) | 0.378c |
Past and present obstetric history | |||||||||
 Parity | 3.1 | (2.35) |  |  | 2.7 | (1.78) |  |  | 0.043b |
 Hospital stay (day) | 5.9 | (3.79) |  |  | 3.6 | (2.23) |  |  | <0.001b |
Booking | |||||||||
 Early (≤12 weeks)  Late (> 12 weeks) |  |  | 88 57 | (60.7) (39.3) |  |  | 114 73 | (61.0) (39.0) | 0.960c |
Past pregnancy | |||||||||
complicationsd  Absent  Present |  |  | 67 40 | (62.6) (37.4) |  |  | 92 37 | (71.3) (28.7) | 0.095c |
Period of gestation | |||||||||
 Term (≥37 weeks)  Preterm (<37 weeks) |  |  | 110 35 | (75.9) (24.1) |  |  | 174 13 | (93.0) (7.0) | <0.001c |
Foetal outcome | |||||||||
 Live birth  Stillbirth |  |  | 143 2 | (98.6) (1.4) |  |  | 187 0 | (100.0) (0.0) | 0.107c |