Household, psychosocial, and individual-level factors associated with fruit, vegetable, and fiber intake among low-income urban African American youth

Table 1 Low-income urban African-American youth’s fruit, vegetable and fiber mean intake and frequency of youth meeting dietary recommendations by socio-demographic characteristics

		Food and nutrient intakes
		Fruit, servings		Vegetables, servings		Total fiber (g)
Individual characteristics of youth	n	Mean (SD)	RS^a (%)	Mean (SD)	RS^a (%)	Mean (SD)	RS^b (%)
Gender
Male	130	1.4 (1.0)	21.5	1.6 (1.4)	20	14.4 (9.4)	7.5
Female	154	1.6 (1.2)	30.5	1.9 (1.5)	26	15.9 (11.8)	13.5
Age (years)
10–11	126	1.6 (1.1)	28	2.0 (1.9)^c	27	15.8 (11.2)	12
12–14	159	1.5 (1.2)	25	1.6 (1.5)^d	20	14.8 (10.4)	10
Time of the Year
School Year Intake	214	1.1 (0.8)^c	21	1.9 (1.8)^c	20	16.1 (11.4)^c	10
Summer Break Intake	70	1.6 (1.2)^d	5	1.4 (1.2)^d	4	12.9 (8.7)^d	2
Annual Income (US$)
0–10,000	73	1.4 (0.9)	24.3	1.6 (1.7)	23.0	14.8 (9.9)	10.8
10,001–20,000	60	1.6 (1.3)	25.0	1.9 (1.7)	21.7	16.0 (11.6)	13.3
20,001–30,000	58	1.6 (1.1)	27.5	1.6 (1.4)	19.0	15.2 (10.5)	7.0
> 30,000	93	1.4 (1.2)	28.0	1.8 (1.8)	26.8	15.1 (11.0)	11.8
Caregiver Education Level
< High School	104	1.4 (1.1)	24.1	1.6 (1.5)	19.2	14.9 (11.1)	11.5
High School	121	1.5 (1.6)	24.8	1.9 (1.8)	27.3	15.7 (11.1)	11.6
> High School	58	1.6 (1.3)	32.8	1.8 (1.8)	20.7	14.6 (9.0)	6.9
Food Assistance Participation
WIC	248	1.55 (1.2)	23.9	1.81 (1.7)	20.4	15.4 (0.7)	10.5
SNAP	253	1.54 (1.2)	24.5	1.78 (1.7)	20.1	15.4 (11.2)	10.9
School Food Program Participation
Breakfast	64	1.56 (1.1)	5.2	1.56 (1.6)	4.5	13.7 (8.2)	1.7
Lunch	216	1.51 (1.1)	19.7	1.77 (1.6)	19.3	15.4 (11.1)	9.1
Body Mass Index Classification
Normal weight	153	1.54 (1.1)	27.9	1.80 (1.6)	25.9	15.8 (10.4)	13.0
Overweight	67	1.53 (1.3)	28.3	1.55 (1.6)	19.4	14.3 (10.3)	10.4
Obese	61	1.46 (1.2)	19.7	1.84 (1.9)	19.7	14.6 (12.6)	8.2

Abbreviations: RS recommended serving (% of youth meeting recommended consumption amount), SD standard deviation
^aFrequency of youth meeting the recommended intake of fruit (2 servings per day) and vegetable (2.5 servings per day) according to US Dietary Guideline, 2010 [33]
^bFrequency of youth meeting the Adequate Intake recommended by the DRI: female (≥26 g/day) and male (≥31 g/day)
^c,dAre statistically different when comparing groups between the youth characteristics: 2-independent t-test; anova or chi-square

ISSN: 1471-2458