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Table 2 Urban rural differences in dietary practices, STEPS Survey, Punjab, India 2014-15

From: Urban rural differences in diet, physical activity and obesity in India: are we witnessing the great Indian equalisation? Results from a cross-sectional STEPS survey

Variables

Males (N = 2381)

Females (N = 2746)

Total (N = 5127)

Urban

Rural

Urban

Rural

Urban

Rural

n = 943

n = 1438

n = 1088

n = 1658

n = 2031

n = 3096

Mean number of servings of fruits and/or vegetable/day

2.3 (2.1–2.5)

2.4 (2.2–2.5)

2.2 (2.1–2.4)

2.0 (1.9–2.2)

2.3 (2.1–2.4)

2.2 (2.1–2.3)

§Mean number of servings of fruits/day

0.8 (0.7–1.0)

0.7 (0.6–0.7)

0.8 (0.7–1.0)

0.6 (0.5–0.7)

0.8 (0.7–1.0)

0.6 (0.5–0.7)

Ate less than 5 servings of fruits & vegetables/day

95.0 (92.5–97.4)

95.7 (94.0–97.4)

95.7 (92.8–98.6)

96.6 (95.1–98.1)

95.3 (93.1–97.5)

96.4 (95.1–97.6)

Always/often add salt before/when eating

9.5*** (6.0–13.1)

17.7 (13.6–21.7)

8.5** (6.9–10.0)

13.3 (10.2–16.8)

9.1* (6.8–11.4)

15.6 (12.3–18.9)

Always or often eat processed foods high in salt

11.8 (7.2–16.3)

18.0 (13.8–22.2)

15.4 (9.4–21.5)

11.2 (8.2–14.0)

13.4 (8.9–17.9)

14.4 (11.7–17.1)

  1. Estimates are weighted for age, sex, and non-response; One standard serving of fruits or vegetables is equivalent to 80 g; data in the table are presented as mean (95 % confidence interval) or % (95 % confidence interval); §data for this variable were not available for 317 participants; *p <0.05 compared to rural subjects; **p < 0.05 compared to rural females; ***p <0.05 compared to rural males;