|
Socio-demographic characteristics
| | | | | |
|
Age (yrs, M ± SD)
|
54.3 ± 5.6
|
54.7 ± 5.5
|
54.1 ± 5.5
|
54.3 ± 5.7
|
0.328
|
|
Gender (% women)
|
56.8
|
47.8
|
60.9
|
56.5
|
0.003
|
|
SES (% tertiary education)
|
64.6
|
68.1
|
65.2
|
63.5
|
0.376
|
|
Area of residence (% village, town or rural)
|
59.4
|
54.3
|
56.7
|
62.0
|
0.025
|
|
BMI (kg/m2)
|
25.2 ± 3.8
|
25.3 ± 4.2
|
25.2 ± 3.8
|
25.1 ± 3.7
|
0.732
|
|
Cohabitation (%)
|
86.1
|
81.9
|
85.2
|
87.4
|
0.064
|
|
Transport behavior
| | | | | |
|
Motorized transport min/wk (M ± SD)
|
215.1 ± 252.2
|
210.9 ± 268.9
|
201.9 ± 227.6
|
223.0 ± 260.8
|
0.258
|
|
Bicycle transport min/wk (M ± SD)
|
147.7 ± 171.1
|
178.8 ± 181.3b,c
|
135.1 ± 147.6a
|
148.0 ± 179.7a
|
0.005
|
|
Walk for transport min/wk (M ± SD)
|
63.5 ± 109.4
|
81.9 ± 136.3b,c
|
63.6 ± 110.0a
|
59.7 ± 102.4a
|
0.021
|
|
Bicycle leisure time min/wk (M ± SD)
|
120.3 ± 170.9
|
132.6 ± 174.2
|
114.5 ± 166.5
|
120.8 ± 172.5
|
0.397
|
|
Number of motorized vehicles (M ± SD)
|
1.6 ± 1.0
|
1.3 ± 0.9b,c
|
1.6 ± 1.0a
|
1.6 ± 1.0a
|
<0.001
|
|
Psychosocial determinants (5-point scale) (M ± SD)
| | | | |
|
Habit (1 item)
|
3.4 ± 1.5
|
3.7 ± 1.5b,c
|
3.3 ± 1.5a
|
3.3 ± 1.5a
|
0.009
|
|
Social norm (4 items, α = 0.90)
|
2.9 ± 1.2
|
3.0 ± 1.3
|
2.9 ± 1.2
|
2.8 ± 1.1
|
0.178
|
|
Modeling (4 items, α = 0.55)
|
3.2 ± 0.8
|
3.3 ± 0.8c
|
3.2 ± 0.8
|
3.1 ± 0.8a
|
0.046
|
|
Social support (4 items, α = 0.81)
|
2.4 ± 1.0
|
2.6 ± 1.0
|
2.4 ± 1.0
|
2.4 ± 0.9
|
0.184
|
|
Self-efficacy (11 items, α = 0.92)
|
3.7 ± 0.9
|
3.9 ± 0.9b,c
|
3.7 ± 0.9a
|
3.7 ± 0.9a
|
0.006
|
|
Perceived benefits (10 items, α = 0.84)
|
4.0 ± 0.6
|
4.1 ± 0.6b,c
|
4.0 ± 0.6a
|
4.0 ± 0.6a
|
0.008
|
|
Perceived barriers (16 items, α = 0.90)
|
2.4 ± 0.7
|
2.3 ± 0.7b,c
|
2.4 ± 0.7a
|
2.4 ± 0.7a
|
0.014
|
|
Perceived neighborhood environment (5-point scale) (M ± SD)
| | | | |
|
Amount of single unit houses
|
3.0 ± 1.5
|
2.7 ± 1.5b,c
|
3.0 ± 1.5a
|
3.0 ± 1.4a
|
0.003
|
|
Presence of shops in the neighborhood
|
3.3 ± 1.4
|
3.4 ± 1.3
|
3.2 ± 1.4
|
3.3 ± 1.3
|
0.168
|
|
Presence of a stop for public transport
|
4.3 ± 1.0
|
4.4 ± 1.0
|
4.3 ± 1.0
|
4.3 ± 1.0
|
0.464
|
|
Presence of recreational opportunities (park, pool)
|
3.3 ± 1.4
|
3.5 ± 1.4
|
3.3 ± 1.4
|
3.3 ± 1.4
|
0.134
|
|
Neighborhood traffic safety
|
3.2 ± 1.1
|
3.3 ± 1.1
|
3.1 ± 1.1
|
3.2 ± 1.1
|
0.168
|
|
Neighborhood safety of crime
|
2.2 ± 1.0
|
2.1 ± 1.0
|
2.1 ± 1.0
|
2.2 ± 1.0
|
0.391
|
|
Sufficient cycling infrastructure
|
3.1 ± 1.1
|
3.0 ± 1.1
|
3.1 ± 1.1
|
3.1 ± 1.1
|
0.551
|
|
Neighborhood social environment
|
3.4 ± 1.0
|
3.4 ± 1.0
|
3.4 ± 1.0
|
3.4 ± 1.0
|
0.559
|
|
Good maintenance of cycling infrastructure
|
2.9 ± 1.1
|
2.8 ± 1.1
|
2.9 ± 1.1
|
2.9 ± 1.1
|
0.415
|
|
Presence of vegetation
|
3.1 ± 1.1
|
3.1 ± 1.1
|
3.1 ± 1.1
|
3.1 ± 1.1
|
0.939
|
|
Cycling skills (5-point scale) (M ± SD)
|
4.1 ± 0.7
|
4.1 ± 0.8
|
4.1 ± 0.7
|
4.1 ± 0.7
|
0.963
|
|
Cycling concerns (5-point scale) (M ± SD)
| | | | |
|
As a cyclist I feel vulnerable in the traffic
|
3.7 ± 0.9
|
3.9 ± 0.9b
|
3.7 ± 1.0a,c
|
3.7 ± 0.9b
|
0.007
|
|
Importance of a fluorescent vest or bicycle helmet
|
4.9 ± 1.8
|
4.9 ± 1.8
|
4.7 ± 1.8c
|
5.0 ± 1.8b
|
0.001
|
|
Cycling preferences (5-point scale) (M ± SD)
| | | | |
|
I prefer the safest cycling route
|
3.8 ± 0.9
|
3.9 ± 1.0b
|
3.7 ± 0.9a,c
|
3.9 ± 0.9b
|
0.002
|
|
I prefer the shortest cycling route
|
3.2 ± 1.0
|
3.2 ± 1.0
|
3.2 ± 1.0
|
3.2 ± 0.9
|
0.670
|
|
I prefer the most beautiful cycling route
|
3.6 ± 0.9
|
3.6 ± 0.9
|
3.6 ± 0.9
|
3.6 ± 0.9
|
0.215
|
|
I prefer to cycle alone
|
3.6 ± 1.0
|
3.7 ± 1.0c
|
3.7 ± 1.0c
|
3.5 ± 1.1a,b
|
0.003
|
