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Table 5 Predictors of pregnancy alcohol use: Tier 3

From: “Did you ever drink more?” A detailed description of pregnant women’s drinking patterns

 

Drank in trimester 1, abstinent in trimester 2 and 3

Drank throughout

PAE level

Low

Moderate/high

Binge pre-aware

Low in trimester 1

Moderate/high in trimester 1

Binge pre-aware

 

N

AOR

95 % CI

p value

N

AOR

95 % CI

p value

N

AOR

95 % CI

p value

N

AOR

95 % CI

p value

N

AOR

95 % CI

p value

N

AOR

95 % CI

p value

Participants

597

   

626

   

582

   

571

   

646

   

626

   

Maternal age

                       

<30 years

209

Reference

218

Reference

219

Reference

191

Reference

212

Reference

207

Reference

30-34 years

228

1.11

(0.68-1.82)

0.67

242

1.46

(0.92–2.32)

0.11

209

0.90

(0.51–1.61)

0.73

229

1.62

(0.91–2.90)

0.10

247

1.51

(0.91–2.50)

0.11

264

2.58

(1.54–4.31)

<0.001

> = 35 years

160

1.23

(0.71–2.11)

0.46

166

1.33

(0.81–2.21)

0.26

154

0.95

(0.52–1.74)

0.88

151

1.19

(0.62–2.28)

0.60

187

1.58

(0.94–2.68)

0.09

155

1.16

(0.64–2.13)

0.62

Pregnancy planning

                       

Yes

476

Reference

502

Reference

438

Reference

456

Reference

526

Reference

491

Reference

No

121

1.67

(1.02–2.73)

0.04

124

1.32

(0.83–2.11)

0.25

144

4.94

(2.98–8.20)

<0.001

115

1.83

(1.05–3.20)

0.03

120

1.07

(0.63–1.81)

0.81

135

2.00

(1.19–3.37)

<0.01

Parity

                       

> = 1

321

Reference

331

Reference

296

Reference

326

Reference

 

366

Reference

324

Reference

0

276

1.21

(0.79–1.85)

0.37

295

1.33

(0.90–1.96)

0.15

286

2.04

(1.25–3.33)

<0.01

245

0.54

(0.33–0.90)

0.02

280

0.68

(0.45–1.04)

0.07

302

1.30

(0.84–2.03)

0.24

Smoking

                       

No

533

Reference

538

Reference

499

Reference

502

Reference

550

Reference

519

 

Reference

 

Yes

64

0.50

(0.23–1.13)

0.10

88

1.78

(1.05–3.00)

0.03

83

1.62

(0.88–2.98)

0.12

69

1.69

(0.81–3.52)

0.17

96

3.62

(2.07–6.33)

<0.001

107

3.80

(2.20–6.55)

<0.001

Perceived alcohol effect

                       

Normal

236

Reference

258

Reference

250

Reference

224

Reference

291

Reference

283

Reference

Very/quickly

309

0.75

(0.49–1.14)

0.17

314

0.64

(0.44–0.94)

0.02

276

0.30

(0.18–0.50)

<0.001

300

0.78

(0.49–1.24)

0.29

297

0.33

(0.21–0.50)

<0.001

280

0.25

(0.15–0.40)

<0.001

Very/slowly

52

0.62

(0.27–1.39)

0.26

54

0.68

(0.32–1.43)

0.31

56

0.90

(0.41–1.96)

0.78

47

0.48

(0.15–1.48)

0.20

58

0.96

(0.46–2.02)

0.92

63

1.41

(0.71–2.82)

0.33

Household income

                       

<$40,000

94

Reference

93

Reference

88

Reference

84

Reference

87

Reference

82

Reference

$40–100,000

279

0.71

(0.40–1.27)

0.25

297

1.08

(0.61–1.92)

0.79

270

0.91

(0.44–1.88)

0.81

271

1.10

(0.53–2.28)

0.79

303

1.43

(0.73–2.81)

0.30

288

2.59

(1.12–5.98)

0.03

>$100,000

197

0.88

(0.47–1.63)

0.67

211

1.46

(0.79–2.67)

0.23

199

1.75

(0.83–3.70)

0.14

193

1.56

(0.73–3.31)

0.25

228

1.89

(0.93–3.84)

0.08

229

4.16

(1.77–9.77)

<0.01

Missing

27

0.84

(0.29–2.40)

0.74

25

0.69

(0.21–2.29)

0.54

25

0.68

(0.18–2.63)

0.58

23

0.56

(0.11–2.90)

0.49

28

1.80

(0.57–5.66)

0.31

27

3.08

(0.84–11.27)

0.09

BMI

                       

Norma

371

Reference

384

Reference

342

Reference

357

Reference

418

Reference

391

Reference

Overweight

116

0.86

(0.51–1.46)

0.57

121

0.85

(0.52–1.40)

0.53

125

1.71

(0.99–2.95)

0.05

112

0.77

(0.43–1.37)

0.37

120

0.63

(0.38–1.05)

0.08

124

0.77

(0.45–1.33)

0.35

Obese

110

0.66

(0.36–1.19)

0.16

121

0.72

(0.44–1.20)

0.21

115

0.84

(0.45–1.59)

0.60

102

0.41

(0.20–0.86)

0.02

108

0.28

(0.15–0.53)

<0.001

111

0.42

(0.23–0.79)

<0.01

Maternal education

                       

Secondary

111

Reference

123

Reference

110

Reference

104

Reference

117

Reference

120

Reference

Trade/Diploma

154

0.81

(0.42–1.58)

0.54

178

1.03

(0.60–1.77)

0.93

171

1.93

(0.96–3.86)

0.06

148

1.07

(0.48–2.38)

0.87

168

1.06

(0.56–2.01)

0.85

165

0.86

(0.45–1.64)

0.64

Tertiary

332

1.45

(0.79–2.66)

0.23

325

0.89

(0.52–1.54)

0.68

301

1.54

(0.75–3.17)

0.24

319

2.48

(1.18–5.23)

0.02

361

2.21

(1.21–4.04)

0.01

341

1.42

(0.77–2.61)

0.26

Ethnicity

                       

White

455

Reference

489

Reference

460

Reference

447

Reference

527

Reference

506

Reference

Asian/other

142

0.82

(0.49–1.37)

0.45

137

0.65

(0.39–1.08)

0.10

122

0.33

(0.16–0.71)

<0.01

124

0.36

(0.18–0.71)

<0.01

119

0.11

(0.05–0.25)

<0.001

120

0.14

(0.06–0.32)

<0.001

  1. N: Sample size for multivariate analysis (i.e. number of cases with a complete set of predictors, except for income, where a ‘missing’ category was included because ~ 4 % of missing data)
  2. AOR (95 % CI): Odds ratio and 95 % confidence interval adjusted for all predictors shown in table. Control group is abstinence in pregnancy, but not lifetime abstainer. Results are in bold font where a significant difference was found. For predictor variables with more than two categories (maternal age, perceived alcohol effect, income, BMI and education), p values from likelihood ratio tests (not shown) were used-evaluate the predictors. Likelihood ratio p values were <0.01 in all bolded results
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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