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Table 3 Univariate and multivariate mixed effect logistic regression models on prevalence of current major depressive disorder

From: Neighborhood income and major depressive disorder in a large Dutch population: results from the LifeLines Cohort study

  

Evaluation of conceptual model of absolute poverty

Evaluation of conceptual models of relative poverty and collective resources

 

Univariate logistic regression modelse

Regression model 1

Regression model 2

Regression model 3

Regression model 4

Regression model 5

 

(OR with 95 % CI)

(OR with 95 % CI)

(OR with 95 % CI)

(OR with 95 % CI)

(OR with 95 % CI)

(OR with 95 % CI)

Neighborhood and household income

      

 Neighborhood incomea

0.64 (0.57;0.73)

0.82 (0.73;0.93)

0.89 (0.79;1.00)

0.87 (0.77;0.98)

0.90 (0.79;1.01)

0.69 (0.52;0.92)

 Individual equalized incomea

0.62 (0.59;0.65)

0.72 (0.68;0.76)

0.75 (0.71;0.80)

0.89 (0.83;0.95)

0.92 (0.87;0.98)

0.59 (0.43;0.80)

 Neighborhood income*individual equalized income

1.06 (0.96;1.18)d

    

1.07 (0.97;1.17)

Demographic characteristics

      

 Age

0.99 (0.99;1.00)

1.00 (1.00;1.00)

1.00 (0.99;1.00)

1.01 (1.01;1.02)

1.01 (1.00;1.01)

1.00 (1.00;1.00)

 Female

1.62 (1.46;1.79)

1.46 (1.32;1.62)

1.38 (1.23;1.54)

1.24 (1.10;1.39)

1.27 (1.13;1.42)

1.46 (1.31;1.62)

 Married

0.53 (0.48;0.59)

0.55 (0.49;0.61)

0.58 (0.52;0.65)

0.79 (0.71;0.88)

0.80 (0.72;0.90)

0.55 (0.49;0.61)

Highest education

      

 Tertiary

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 

Ref.

 Upper secondary

1.80 (1.55;2.08)

1.42 (1.21;1.65)

1.28 (1.09;1.50)

1.50 (1.28;1.76)

1.37 (1.17;1.61)

1.42 (1.22;1.66)

 Lower secondary

3.07 (2.65;3.55)

2.44 (2.07;2.87)

1.96 (1.66;2.32)

2.58 (2.17;3.06)

2.10 (1.76;2.50)

2.45 (2.07;2.88)

 Elementary

5.98 (4.76;7.51)

4.03 (3.15;5.16)

3.02 (2.35;3.90)

3.99 (3.05;5.22)

2.97 (2.26;3.90)

4.05 (3.16;5.18)

Diseases

      

 No disease

Ref.

 

Ref.

Ref.

  

 One disease

1.88 (1.63;2.16)

 

1.61 (1.39;1.86)

1.43 (1.23;1.66)

1.43 (1.22;1.66)

 

 Two or more diseases

2.23 (1.99;2.51)

 

1.84 (1.63;2.07)

1.42 (1.26;1.61)

1.36 (1.20;1.55)

 

Body mass index

      

 <=18.5 kg/m2

1.98 (1.32;2.99)

 

1.36 (0.89;2.06)

1.39 (0.89;2.15)

1.31 (0.84;2.04)

 

 18.5–24.9 kg/m2

Ref.

 

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 

 25–29.9 kg/m2

0.92 (0.82;1.03)

 

0.95 (0.85;1.07)

0.91 (0.80;1.02)

0.92 (0.82;1.04)

 

 30.0–34.9 kg/m2

1.52 (1.32;1.75)

 

1.30 (1.12;1.50)

1.21 (1.04;1.41)

1.20 (1.03;1.40)

 

 > = 35 kg/m2

2.82 (2.37;3.34)

 

1.89 (1.58;2.25)

1.57 (1.30;1.90)

1.51 (1.25;1.84)

 

Physical activity (at least 30. minutes)

      

 Three or more days per week

Ref.

 

Ref.

Ref.

  

 Two days per week

1.06 (0.90;1.24)

 

1.01 (0.85;1.21)

1.03 (0.86;1.24)

1.00 (0.84;1.21)

 

 One day per week

1.48 (1.27;1.74)

 

1.26 (1.07;1.47)

1.26 (1.06;1.49)

1.16 (0.97;1.38)

 

 Physically inactive

2.22 (1.86;2.65)

 

1.57 (1.28;1.92)

1.58 (1.28;1.95)

1.42 (1.15;1.75)

 

Smoking

      

 Never smoking

Ref.

 

Ref.

Ref.

  

 Formerly smoking

1.01 (0.89;1.14)

 

1.07 (0.93;1.22)

0.99 (0.87;1.14)

1.00 (0.87;1.14)

 

 Currently smoking

2.12 (1.89;2.39)

 

1.76 (1.55;2.00)

1.45 (1.27;1.65)

1.46 (1.28;1.67)

 

Alcohol consumptionb

      

 Abstaining

2.11 (1.89;2.35)

 

1.65 (1.47;1.84)

1.70 (1.51;1.91)

1.52 (1.34;1.71)

 

 Moderately drinking

Ref.

 

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 

 Heavily drinking

1.21 (1.04;1.40)

 

1.17 (1.00;1.36)

1.22 (1.04;1.43)

1.19 (1.01;1.40)

 

Stress

      

 No. of threatening events in past year (LTE)

1.54 (1.50;1.57)

  

1.18 (1.15;1.22)

1.19 (1.16;1.23)

 

 Score on long-term difficulty inventory (LDI)

1.38 (1.36;1.40)

  

1.32 (1.30;1.34)

1.27 (1.24;1.29)

 

Social participation

      

 No. of personal contacts in past two weeks

0.64 (0.60;0.69)

   

0.85 (0.79;0.91)

 

 No. of personal contacts in past two weeks squared c

1.04 (1.03;1.04)

   

1.02 (1.01;1.02)

 

 No. of participations in clubs or groups

0.65 (0.61;0.69)

   

0.87 (0.86;0.89)

 

 Score on social need fulfillment scale (SPF-IL)

0.80 (0.79;0.81)

   

0.83 (0.77;0.88)

 

 sd random intercept neighborhood

 

0.32 (0.24;0.41)

0.28 (0.21;0.38)

0.27 (0.19;0.38)

0.24 (0.16;0.37)

0.31 (0.24;0.41)

  1. aContinuous variables in which one point equals 500 €/month. bHeavily drinking is > = 14 (men) or > =7 alcoholic consumptions per week. cA quadratic term for personal contacts was included because of a non-linear relationship with depression. dInteraction effect adjusted for neighborhood income and individual equalized income. eAll univariate logistic regression models include a random intercept for neighborhood
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BMC Public Health

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