Overweight at four years of age in a Swedish birth cohort: influence of neighbourhood-level purchasing power

BMC Public Health

Table 3 Observed (Obs) and expected (Exp) numbers of children with overweight at four years of age, together with the results from the multi-level analysis. Moreover, an example of results obtained by imputing missing values is presented in light grey

	Neighbourhood level without adjustments				Neighbourhood level with adjustments^c				Neighbourhood level with adjustments^c
	Obs	Exp	COR (95 % CI)^a	COR_EB (95 % CI)^b	Obs	Exp	AOR (95 % CI)^d	AOR_EB (95 % CI)^e	Obs	Exp	AOR (95 % CI)^d	AOR_EB (95 % CI)^e
Neighbourhood purchasing power ^f									Example of results with missing values imputed:
<10	21	37.0	0.57 (0.35–0.87)	0.67 (0.46–0.93)	16	26.6	0.60 (0.34–0.98)	0.73 (0.46–1.02)	21	33.9	0.62 (0.38–0.95)	0.74 (0.51–0.99)
10–19.9	100	89.7	1.11 (0.91–1.36)	1.09 (0.90–1.31)	74	66.6	1.11 (0.87–1.39)	1.09 (0.86–1.34)	100	87.3	1.15 (0.93–1.39)	1.11 (0.91–1.33)
20–29.9	107	102.6	1.04 (0.86–1.26)	1.03 (0.85–1.23)	81	79.8	1.01 (0.81–1.26)	1.01 (0.81–1.23)	107	107.8	0.99 (0.82–1.20)	0.99 (0.81–1.17)
30+	14	12.6	1.11 (0.61–1.86)	1.03 (0.67–1.48)	12	9.3	1.28 (0.66–2.24)	1.13 (0.69–1.62)	14	13.1	1.07 (0.59–1.80)	1.01 (0.66–1.40)

^aCrude overweight ratio = Obs/Exp (95 % confidence interval)
^bEmpirical Bayes-adjusted COR (95 % confidence interval)
^cData were stratified by child’s gender, LGA, mother’s BMI before pregnancy (≤25, 25–30, 30+), father’s BMI (≤25, 25–30, 30+) and parental educational level (none post-secondary, one post-secondary, both post-secondary), in order to adjust for potential confounding across the neighbourhoods
^dAdjusted overweight ratio = Obs/Exp (95 % confidence interval)
^eEmpirical Bayes-adjusted AOR (95 % confidence interval)
^fProportion (%) of families with low purchasing power (according to Swedish standards; <19,500 USD annual income) among all resident families with at least one child (up to 19 years old) in a neighbourhood area (parish)

ISSN: 1471-2458