Reductions in biomarkers of exposure, impacts on smoking urge and assessment of product use and tolerability in adult smokers following partial or complete substitution of cigarettes with electronic cigarettes

Table 8 Regression analyses of the Day −1 to Day 5 % change in the amount of urine biomarker amount excreted against the % change in CPD

Urine Biomarker	Slope	R-square	P-Value
NNAL	0.4154	0.1518	0.0108
3-HPMA	0.6940	0.4105	<.0001
HMPMA	0.7878	0.4289	<.0001
CEMA	0.7096	0.4891	<.0001
1-OHP	0.6297	0.4227	<.0001
NNN	0.7766	0.3181	0.0001
MHBMA	0.7469	0.2874	0.0003
S-PMA	0.7259	0.4636	<.0001
Nicotine Equivalents	−0.0296	0.0002	0.9316

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