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Table 4 Adjusted associations of early risk behaviour, sociodemographic and psychosocial factors with age 19 unsafe sex, heavy alcohol use and drug use

From: The correlates and course of multiple health risk behaviour in adolescence

 

Unsafe sex

Heavy alcohol use

Drug use

OR (CI)

P

OR (CI)

P

OR (CI)

P

Sociodemographics

Gender (ref: Male)

.71 (.61, .81)

<.001

.61 (.53, .69)

<.001

.47 (.40, .54)

<.001

Low parental education

1.31 (1.08, 1.58)

.006

.52 (.43, .63)

<.001

.98 (.81, 1.20)

.862

IMD (ref: least deprived)

 2nd least deprived

1.28 (1.01, 1.61)

.04

.87 (.74, 1.01)

.067

1.06 (.88, 1.27)

.535

 Median quintile

1.56 (1.23, 1.97)

<.001

.76 (.64, .90)

.002

.99 (.79, 1.23)

.923

 2nd most deprived

2.27 (1.79, 2.87)

<.001

.62 (.51, .75)

<.001

1.07 (.85, 1.34)

.584

 Most deprived

2.26 (1.74, 2.95)

<.001

.43 (.34, .55)

<.001

.98 (.76, 1.27)

.886

Ethnicity (ref: White)

 Asian

.16 (.11, .23)

<.001

.35 (.26, .46)

<.001

.32 (.24, .43)

<.001

 Black

.57 (.40, .80)

.001

.25 (.17, .37)

<.001

.55 (.35, .88)

.012

 Mixed

.89 (.62, 1.29)

.551

.80 (.56, 1.13)

.198

1.79 (1.31, 2.45)

<.001

 Other

.45 (.24, .85)

.014

.43 (.34, .55)

<.001

.41 (.21, .78)

.007

Risk behaviours

Regular alcohol use

 Age 14 only

1.95 (1.33, 2.87)

.001

1.45 (1.04, 2.04)

.031

1.70 (1.17, 2.49)

.006

 Age 16 only

1.99 (1.60, 2.46)

<.001

2.24 (1.90, 2.65)

<.001

3.06 (2.52, 3.71)

<.001

 Both age 14 and 16

3.00 (2.18, 4.13)

<.001

3.82 (2.93, 4.98)

<.001

3.96 (2.92, 5.35)

<.001

Regular smoking

 Age 14 only

2.68 (1.16, 6.15)

.021

1.02 (.45, 2.32)

.955

2.54 (1.12, 5.75)

.025

 Age 16 only

2.99 (2.43, 3.70)

<.001

1.49 (1.24, 1.81)

<.001

4.44 (3.65, 5.41)

<.001

 Both age 14 and 16

3.25 (2.32, 4.55)

<.001

1.06 (.73, 1.54)

.753

5.28 (3.87, 7.19)

<.001

Delinquency

 Age 14 only

2.20 (1.76, 2.75)

<.001

1.03 (.85, 1.25)

.757

2.08 (1.69, 2.54)

<.001

 Age 16 only

2.54 (1.98, 3.24)

<.001

1.40 (1.12, 1.74)

.003

2.58 (2.06, 3.22)

<.001

 Both age 14 and 16

4.33 (3.49, 5.36)

<.001

1.65 (1.34, 2.02)

<.001

5.32 (4.34, 6.53)

<.001

Tried cannabis

 Tried by age 14

2.71 (2.16, 3.41)

<.001

1.80 (1.47, 2.22)

<.001

7.81 (6.25, 9.75)

<.001

 Tried by age 16

2.22 (1.84, 2.67)

<.001

2.13 (1.83, 2.47)

<.001

5.29 (4.47, 6.26)

<.001

Age 14 risk score

 One

2.13 (1.76, 2.56)

<.001

1.34 (1.15, 1.55)

<.001

2.42 (2.03, 2.88)

<.001

 Two

2.90 (2.21, 3.81)

<.001

1.49 (1.15, 1.94)

.002

4.15 (3.19, 5.38)

<.001

 Three

4.12 (2.87, 5.90)

<.001

1.32 (.93, 1.88)

.118

6.83 (4.96, 9.40)

<.001

 Four

4.36 (2.22, 8.58)

<.001

2.84 (1.51, 5.37)

.001

8.73 (4.59, 16.60)

<.001

Age 16 risk score

 One

1.93 (1.58, 2.36)

<.001

1.81 (1.55, 2.10)

<.001

3.23 (2.65, 3.93)

<.001

 Two

3.14 (2.48, 3.96)

<.001

2.30 (1.91, 2.78)

<.001

5.98 (4.84, 7.39)

<.001

 Three

3.75 (2.93, 4.80)

<.001

2.53 (2.00, 3.21)

<.001

10.70 (8.38, 13.66)

<.001

 Four

6.05 (4.36, 8.38)

<.001

2.73 (2.04, 3.67)

<.001

14.10 (10.47,18.99

<.001

Interpersonal factors

 

 GHQ (age 15)

1.52 (1.26, 1.83)

<.001

1.28 (1.10, 1.50)

.002

1.72 (1.43, 2.06)

<.001

 Friends over often (age 14)

1.42 (1.20, 1.68)

<.001

.93 (.81, 1.06)

.271

1.37 (1.16, 1.60)

<.001

 Out with friends often (age 14)

1.79 (1.54, 2.08)

<.001

1.01 (.89, 1.15)

.856

1.53 (1.33, 1.75)

<.001

 Bullied in last 12 months (age 14)

1.28 (1.09, 1.50)

.002

1.02 (.90, 1.16)

.740

1.34 (1.15, 1.55)

<.001

School factors

 Low academic attainment (age 14)

1.71 (1.43, 2.05)

<.001

.62 (.51, .74)

<.001

.95 (.77, 1.16)

.590

 Self-reported bad at school (age 14)

1.92 (1.64, 2.24)

<.001

.82 (.72, .93)

.002

1.29 (1.10, 1.50)

.001

 Exclusions in past 3 years (age 14)

1.95 (1.52, 2.52)

<.001

1.03 (.80, 1.32)

.839

2.08 (1.63, 2.64)

<.001

 Truancy in last 12 months (age 14)

2.11 (1.72, 2.60)

<.001

1.31 (1.10, 1.57)

.003

2.80 (2.34, 3.36)

<.001

 Attitudes towards school (age 14; continuous)

.95 (.94, .96)

<.001

.99 (.98, 1.00)

.011

.96 (.95, .97)

<.001

Family factors

 Single parent family (age 14)

1.37 (1.15, 1.64)

.001

.87 (.73, 1.03)

.113

1.31 (1.10, 1.57)

.003

 Not get on very well with parents (age 14)

1.22 (1.03, 1.44)

.022

1.12 (.98, 1.29)

.105

1.21 (1.03, 1.41)

.020

 Low parental communication (age 14)

1.31 (1.11, 1.54)

.001

1.11 (.97, 1.27)

.129

1.41 (1.21, 1.63)

<.001

 Parents not always know where child is in evenings (age 14)

1.81 (1.55, 2.10)

<.001

1.24 (1.09, 1.40)

.001

1.93 (1.68, 2.21)

<.001

  1. All analyses were adjusted for ethnicity, parental education, area deprivation (English Index of Multiple Deprivation; IMD) and gender. Associations for all other items are modeled separately
  2. Ref reference group. Where not stated, the reference group for all other categorical variables is the absence of the stated factor. All predictor variables are binary except “attitudes towards school”