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Table 5 Effect on quality outcomes

From: Effect of pay for performance to improve quality of maternal and child care in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review

Variable

Net treatment effect

P value

Patient knowledge

  

Women knew medicine-use in prenatal perioda

12

<0.05

Women knew medicine-use in prenatal periodb

−0.072

0.039

Health outcomes

  

CRP negative for under-fivec

0.84

0.497

Not anemic under-fivec

−4.87

0.253

Good GSRH for under-fivec

7.37

0.001

Weight-for-height z-score of under-fiveb

−0.347

0.306

Number of under-five deaths last year in householdsb

12

0.55

Out-of-pocket expenses

  

Fee paid for the deliveryb

301.24

0.762

Fee paid for the last postnatal visitb

−71.637

0.35

Fee paid for the last prenatal visitb

−112.969

0.125

Fee paid for the last immunization shotb

−22.096

0.237

Cost of drugs purchased by the patient at facilitiesb

−1106.16

0.005

Client Satisfaction

  

Felt cured (pp)d

11

NS

Acceptable waiting time (pp)d

7

NS

Respect by staff (pp)d

12

<0.10

Felt cured (coefficient)e

0.09

0.012

Waiting time reasonable (coefficient)e

−0.12

0.318

Personnel respectful (coefficient)e

−0.02

0.718

Adequate consultation time (minutes)b

1.028

0.422

Pregnant women satisfied on user feesb

0.012

0.48

Pregnant women satisfied on welcome qualityb

−0.027

0.442

Pregnant women dissatisfied on user feesb

0

0

Pregnant women dissatisfied on welcome qualityb

0

0.946

Pregnant women satisfied on total care qualityb

−0.005

0.671

Patient overall satisfiedb

0.013

0.359

Overall quality of care

  

Overall patient perceived quality score on ANC (pp)d

25

<0.05

Overall professional quality score of health centers (pp)d

26

<0.001

Total facility quality score (coefficient)e

17.24

0.062

Patient perceived quality of care (coefficient)e

0

0.924

  1. NS Not significant
  2. aHuntington et al. [31]; bHuillery and Seban [30]; cPeabody et al., [29]; dSoeters et al [24]; eBonfrer et al. [25]