Table 1 Comparison of the baseline characteristics of children, their mothers and households by sexa
From: Sex differences in the intellectual functioning of early school-aged children in rural China
Gender | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Boys | Girls | ||
Number of children | 1045 | 699 | |
Children age | |||
Mean (SD) | 8.81 ± 0.03 | 8.74 ± 0.03 | 0.096 |
7 y | 194 (18.6 %) | 136 (19.5 %) | 0.307 |
8 y | 426 (40.8 %) | 310 (44.3 %) | |
9 y | 334 (31.9 %) | 199 (28.5 %) | |
10 y | 91 (8.7 %) | 54 (7.7 %) | |
Maternal age (years) | |||
Mean (SD) | 34.44 ± 0.14 | 33.23 ± 0.16 | <0.001 |
Women’s education | |||
Primary | 389 (37.3 %) | 244 (35.0 %) | 0.616 |
Secondary | 538 (51.6 %) | 371 (53.2 %) | |
High school+ | 116 (11.1 %) | 82 (11.8 %) | |
Father’s education | |||
Primary | 174 (16.7 %) | 114 (16.4 %) | 0.943 |
Secondary | 654 (62.7 %) | 442 (63.5 %) | |
High school+ | 215 (20.6 %) | 140 (20.1 %) | |
Women’s occupation | |||
Farmer | 690 (67.5 %) | 460 (67.1 %) | 0.843 |
Others | 332 (32.5 %) | 226 (32.9 %) | |
Father’s occupation | |||
Farmer | 380 (37.3 %) | 259 (37.6 %) | 0.888 |
Others | 640 (62.7 %) | 430 (62.4 %) | |
Household wealth index | |||
Poorest-1st tertile | 334 (32.0 %) | 239 (34.2 %) | 0.574 |
2nd tertile | 358 (34.2 %) | 226 (32.3 %) | |
Richest-3rd tertile | 353 (33.8 %) | 234 (23.5 %) | |
Parity | |||
0 | 591 (56.6 %) | 508 (72.7 %) | <0.001 |
1 | 391 (37.4 %) | 162 (23.2 %) | |
≥2 | 63 (6.0 %) | 29 (4.1 %) | |
School | |||
Village | 341 (32.6 %) | 255 (36.5 %) | 0.096 |
Township | 431 (41.3 %) | 290 (41.5 %) | |
County and plus | 273 (26.1 %) | 154 (22.0 %) | |
Birth weight | |||
Mean (SD) | 3.26 ± 0.01 | 3.11 ± 0.02 | <0.001 |
Gestation at delivery (weeks) | |||
Mean (SD) | 39.81 ± 0.05 | 39.92 ± 0.07 | 0.163 |
Stunted | |||
Yes | 35 (3.4 %) | 44 (6.3 %) | 0.004 |
No | 1010 (96.6 %) | 655 (93.7 %) | |
Underweight | |||
Yes | 55 (5.3 %) | 59 (8.4 %) | 0.009 |
No | 990 (94.7 %) | 640 (91.6 %) | |
History of pneumonia | |||
Yes | 411 (63.9 %) | 290 (65.3 %) | 0.636 |
No | 232 (36.1 %) | 154 (34.7 %) | |
Lower respiratory tract infection | |||
Yes | 664 (65.3 %) | 489 (71.1 %) | 0.012 |
No | 353 (34.7 %) | 199 (28.9 %) | |
Treatment group | |||
Folic acid | 355 (34.0 %) | 249 (35.6 %) | 0.606 |
Folic acid/Iron | 346 (33.1 %) | 216 (30.9 %) | |
Multi micronutrients | 344 (32.9 %) | 234 (33.5 %) | |