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Table 12 Results of included quantitative studies: child’s well-being (including social skills)

From: A systematic review of the health and well-being impacts of school gardening: synthesis of quantitative and qualitative evidence

First author (year)

Sample (n)

Outcome measures

Outcomes

Intervention group

Comparison group

Control group

Group x time results (adjusted, if reported)

Baseline

Mean (SD)

Follow-up

Mean (SD)

Baseline

Mean (SD)

Follow-up

Mean (SD)

Baseline

Mean (SD)

Follow-up

Mean (SD)

Block (2012) [24]

n = 764

KIDSCREEN-10

Child quality of life score

48.9 (8.4)

50.3 (8.1)

NA

NA

48.2 (7.9)

49.1 (7.3)

Adjusted statistic = 1.23 (0.7); p = 0.09

Teacher questionnaire

Teacher strongly agrees that:

       

Student social behaviour is good (%)

41.9

48.9

  

41.9

53.8

p = 0.2

Students cooperate well with other students (%)

48.8

57.8

  

48.4

65.4

Adjusted statistic = 0.51; p = 0.3

Morgan (2010) [30]

n = 127

Quality of school life instrument (40 items)

Quality of school life

3.2 (0.2)

Between group mean differences only

3.2 (0.3)

Between group mean differences only

3.0 (0.4)

Between group mean differences only

p = 0.98

Robinson (2005) [39]

n = 281

Youth Life Skills Inventory (32 questions; three point scale)

Overall life skills score (/96)

Working with groups

Self-understanding

Leadership

Decision making

Communication

Volunteerism

83.02 (7.95)

13.33 (1.74)

16.78 (1.96)

12.62 (2.05)

13.71 (1.64)

10.59 (1.55)

16.57 (1.77)

84.51 (7.81)

14.09 (1.41)

18.02 (1.76)

12.63 (1.85)

13.72 (1.44)

10.42 (1.46)

16.23 (2.08)

NA

NA

85.8 (6.14)

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

86.49 (6.19)

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

Waliczek (2001) [17]

n = 589

Self-Report of Personality Scale for children and adolescents

Interpersonal relationships

Means by age and gender only

Means by age and gender only

NA

NA

Means by age and gender only

Means by age and gender only

NR

  1. SD standard deviation
  2. No meta-analysis due to heterogeneity of outcome measures