Long-term trends of suicide by choice of method in Norway: a joinpoint regression analysis of data from 1969 to 2012

Puzo, Quirino; Qin, Ping; Mehlum, Lars

doi:10.1186/s12889-016-2919-y

Table 3 Estimates from joinpoint analyses of age-standardized suicide rates by specific suicide methods in Norway, 1969–2012

From: Long-term trends of suicide by choice of method in Norway: a joinpoint regression analysis of data from 1969 to 2012

		Joinpoint analyses^a: 1969–2012
		Trend 1		Trend 2		Trend 3		Full range
	Age group	Years	APC	Years	APC	Years	APC	AAPC (95 % CI)	P value
Male
Hanging	15–24	1969–1971	99.4*^b	1971–1999	5.5*	1999–2012	−0.5	6.8 (3.5 to 10.1)	0.000
	25–44	1969–2012	2.5*					2.5 (2.0 to 2.9)	0.000
	45–64	1969–1988	2.0*	1988–1993	−9.3	1993–2012	0.5	−0.0 (−1.7 to 1.6)	0.961
	≥65	1969–1993	0.7	1993–2012	−3.9*			−1.3 (−2.6 to −0.1)	0.035
	total	1969–1985	2.4*	1985–2012	0.2			1.0 (0.5 to 1.5)	0.000
Poisoning	15–24	1969–1979	10.3*	1979–2005	−1.6	2005–2012	−18.5*	−2.0 (−4.4 to −0.4)	0.106
	25–44	1969–1979	8.9*	1979–2012	−2.5*			0.0 (−1.2 to 1.3)	0.971
	45–64	1969–1983	5.3*	1985–2012	−3.2*			−0.5 (−1.6 to 0.7)	0.399
	≥65	1969–1997	2.8*	1997–2000	−30.2^b	2000–2012	9.1*	1.7 (−6.6 to 10.8)	0.690
	total	1969–1982	5.7*	1982–2012	−2.7*			−0.3 (−1.0 to 0.5)	0.507
Firearms	15–24	1969–1988	10.8*	1988–2012	−9.3*			−0.9 (−2.2 to 0.4)	0.176
	25–44^c	1969–1971	−20.4^b	1971–1988	4.8*	1988–2012	−5.8*	−2.5 (−5.0 to 0.1)	0.064
	45–64	1969–1987	3.3*	1987–2012	−4.3*			−1.2(−2.2 to −0.2)	0.017
	≥65	1969–1987	6.3*	1987–2012	−1.6			1.6 (0.1 to 3.0)	0.029
	total	1969–1988	4.6*	1988–2012	−4.8*			−0.8 (−1.4 to −0.1)	0.016
Drowning	total	1969–1982	2.6	1982–2012	−3.0*			−1.3 (−2.7 to 0.0)	0.058
Jumping from a high place	total	1969–2012	0.8*					0.8 (0.2 to 1.4)	0.007
Cutting or piercing instruments	total	1969–2012	−0.6					−0.6 (−1.2 to 0.1)	0.078
Other or unknown method	total	1969–2012	4.8*					4.7 (3.6 to 6.0)	0.000
Female
Hanging	total	1969–1979	9.3*	1980–2012	0.7*			2.7 (1.6 to 3.7)	0.000
Poisoning	total	1969–1988	3.5*	1988–1997	−6.3*	1997–2012	1.3	0.6 (−0.5 to 1.7)	0.272
Firearms^d
Drowning	total	1969–1985	3.0*	1985–2012	−3.7*			−1.3 (−2.4 to −0.1)	0.033
Jumping from a high place	total	1969–1988	4.2*	1988–2012	−2.2*			0.6 (−1.2 to 2.4)	0.519
Cutting or piercing instruments^d
Other or unknown method^d

Abbreviation: APC annual percentage change, AAPC average annual percentage change
^aJoinpoint Regression Program version 4.2.0.1 (National Cancer Institute/US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md). The annual percentage change and the average annual percentage change are based on rates that were age-standardized to the 2011 Norwegian census population
^bThe result is not reliable due to few observations between joinpoints
^cThe model with two joinpoints was preferred to the one with four joinpoints because of model fitting
^dJoinpoint cannot process records with dependent variable = 0
*The annual % change (APC) is statistically significantly different from zero (P < .05)

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ISSN: 1471-2458

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