Table 1 Unweighted proportions for demographic, social characteristics, self-reported medical histories, health outcomes, and design parameters stratified by setting; N = 481 (CKD-AFRiKA, 2014)
Variable (n, %) | Urban | Rural | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
(n = 370) | (n = 111) | (n = 481) | |
Gender (female) | 278 (75.1 %) | 80 (72.1 %) | 358 (74.4 %) |
Age | |||
18–39 years old | 138 (37.3 %) | 34 (30.6 %) | 172 (35.8 %) |
40–59 years old | 145 (39.2 %) | 46 (41.5 %) | 191 (39.7 %) |
60+ years old | 87 (23.5 %) | 31 (27.9 %) | 118 (24.5 %) |
Ethnicity | |||
Chagga | 230 (62.2 %) | 58 (52.3 %) | 288 (59.9 %) |
Pare | 35 (9.5 %) | 31 (27.9 %) | 66 (13.7 % |
Sambaa | 18 (4.9 %) | 9 (8.1 %) | 27 (5.6 %) |
Othera | 87 (23.5 %) | 13 (11.7 %) | 100 (20.8 %) |
Education | |||
None | 27 (7.3 %) | 4 (3.6 %) | 31 (6.4 %) |
Primary | 253 (68.4 %) | 96 (86.5 %) | 349 (72.6 %) |
Secondary | 64 (17.3 %) | 10 (9.0 %) | 74 (15.4 %) |
Post-secondary | 26 (7.0 %) | 1 (0.9 %) | 27 (5.6 %) |
Occupation | |||
Unemployedb | 71 (19.2 %) | 3 (2.7 %) | 74 (15.4 %) |
Farmer/wage earner | 114 (30.8 %) | 85 (76.6 %) | 199 (41.4 %) |
Small business/vendors | 143 (38.6 %) | 15 (13.5 %) | 158 (32.8 %) |
Professionalc | 42 (11.4 %) | 8 (7.2 %) | 50 (10.4 %) |
Social characteristics | |||
Ongoing tobacco use | 34 (9.2 %) | 16 (14.4 %) | 50 (10.4 %) |
Ongoing alcohol use | 146 (39.5 %) | 52 (46.9 %) | 198 (41.2 %) |
Self-reported medical history | |||
Diabetes | 53 (14.3 %) | 8 (7.2 %) | 61 (12.7 %) |
Hypertension | 113 (30.6 %) | 21 (19.1 %) | 134 (28.0 %) |
Stroke | 6 (1.6 %) | 2 (1.8 %) | 8 (1.7 %) |
Heart diseased | 17 (4.6 %) | 1 (0.9 %) | 18 (3.7 %) |
Tuberculosis | 10 (2.7 %) | 0 (0 %) | 10 (2.1 %) |
Hepatitis | 12 (3.2 %) | 2 (1.8 %) | 14 (2.9 %) |
Malaria | 329 (88.9 %) | 98 (88.3 %) | 427 (88.8 %) |
Cancer | 6 (1.6 %) | 0 (0 %) | 6 (1.3 %) |
COPD/asthma | 23 (6.2 %) | 2 (1.8 %) | 25 (5.2 %) |
HIV/AIDS | 20 (5.4 %) | 1 (0.9 %) | 21 (4.4 %) |
Kidney disease | 14 (3.8 %) | 0 (0 %) | 14 (2.9 %) |
Health condition | |||
Hypertension | 112 (30.3 %) | 37 (33.3 %) | 149 (31.0 %) |
Obesity | 116 (31.4 %) | 22 (19.8 %) | 138 (28.7 %) |
Glucose impairment | 102 (27.6 %) | 27 (24.3 %) | 129 (26.8 %) |
Pre-diabetes | 63 (17.0 %) | 21 (18.9 %) | 84 (17.5 %) |
Diabetes | 39 (10.5 %) | 6 (5.4 %) | 45 (9.4 %) |
Chronic kidney disease | 54 (14.6 %) | 3 (2.70 %) | 57 (11.9 %) |
Design parameters | |||
Neighborhood clusters (k) | 23 | 6 | 29 |
Median cluster size (IQR) | 12.0 (7.5–19.5) | 16.0 (15–26) | 13.0 (9–21) |
Cluster size range | 6–49 | 11–32 | 6–49 |
Participants enrolled | 370 | 111 | 481 |