Table 2 Sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with hazardous use of alcohol in Sodo, Southern Ethiopia

Sex

Male

4.0

3.03-5.26

4.0

2.44-6.67

<0.001

Female

Ref

Age group (years)

18-24

Ref

25-34

1.78

1.08, 2.94

2.05

1.03, 4.09

0.041

35-44

2.82

1.73, 4.59

2.59

1.29, 5.21

0.007

45-59

3.42

2.08, 5.61

3.26

1.59, 6.67

0.001

≥60

2.30

1.24, 4.27

1.58

0.67, 3.75

0.295

Marital status

Single

Ref

Married

1.32

0.93, 1.87

1.27

0.75, 2.15

0.374

Divorced/widowed

0.62

0.31, 1.23

0.63

0.24, 1.64

0.345

Education

Non-literate

Ref

No formal education but read and write

2.11

1.52, 2.92

1.34

0.88, 2.04

0.177

Primary education

1.42

1.01, 2.00

0.98

0.61, 1.59

0.947

Secondary and above

1.42

0.86, 2.32

0.95

0.45, 2.00

0.886

Residence

Urban

Ref

Rural

1.90

1.13, 3.17

1.94

0.90, 4.21

0.092

Ethnicity

Gurage

Ref

Others

0.40

0.19, 0.85

0.45

0.19, 1.08

0.073

Occupation

Farmer

Ref

Housewife

3.02

2.13, 4.26

1.10

0.65, 1.86

0.735

Private business

1.32

0.74, 2.34

1.49

0.70, 3.19

0.299

Daily laborer

2.64

1.44, 4.83

2.00

0.90, 4.47

0.090

Others

0.92

0.47, 1.81

0.95

0.36, 2.50

0.916

Perceived relative wealth

Low

Ref

Average

1.23

0.93, 1.64

1.22

0.84, 1.77

0.300

High

1.57

1.04, 2.38

1.56

0.91, 2.67

0.104

Number of adverse life events

None

Ref

1-2 events

1.72

1.26, 2.35

1.71

1.18, 2.48

0.005

≥3 events

2.69

1.91, 3.79

2.12

1.36, 3.32

0.001

Social support

Low

Ref

Moderate

0.88

0.67, 1.16

0.73

0.52, 1.02

0.068

High

0.64

0.40, 1.01

0.41

0.23, 0.72

0.002

Severity of psychological distress

No distress

Ref

Mild

1.50

1.05, 2.13

1.26

0.80, 2.00

0.315

Moderate

1.86

1.24, 2.79

1.37

0.80, 2.35

0.257

Severe

2.47

1.51, 4.06

2.96

1.49, 5.89

0.002