Relationships between adverse childhood experiences and adult mental well-being: results from an English national household survey

Table 4 Adjusted odds ratios for low ratings on SWEMWBS components, low overall SWEMWBS scores and low LS in those reporting individual adverse childhood experience types

ACE		In the last two weeks, never or rarely^a							Low^b
ACE		Feeling optimistic	Feeling useful	Feeling relaxed	Dealing well with problems	Thinking clearly	Feeling close to others	Able to make up own mind	SWEMWBS score	LS
Physical abuse	AOR	1.50	1.53	1.39			1.55			1.49
	95 % CIs	1.16–1.94	1.11–2.13	1.06–1.83			1.05–2.28			1.11–2.00
	P	**	*	*	ns	ns	*	ns	ns	**
Emotional abuse	AOR		1.46	1.47			2.12		1.73	1.54
	95 % CIs		1.06–2.00	1.13–1.89			1.46–3.08		1.36–2.20	1.16–2.05
	P	ns	*	**	ns	ns	***	ns	***	**
Sexual abuse	AOR	1.55		1.52	1.82	2.68		2.5	2.30	1.79
	95 % CIs	1.10–2.20		1.08–2.12	1.19–2.79	1.64–4.38		1.40–4.49	1.67–3.18	1.27–2.54
	P	*	ns	*	**	***	ns	**	***	**
Parental separation	AOR	na			na	na	na	na		na
	95 % CIs
	P	-	ns	ns					ns
Domestic violence	AOR
	95 % CIs
	P	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Mental illness	AOR	1.43	1.44		1.78	1.79	2.04	1.85	1.97	1.47
	95 % CIs	1.09–1.88	1.04–2.00		1.25–2.53	1.15–2.78	1.42–2.94	1.12–3.07	1.52–2.55	1.09–1.97
	P	*	*	ns	**	*	***	*	***	*
Alcohol problem	AOR		1.46	1.41	1.56			na		1.52
	95 % CIs		1.02–2.07	1.06–1.89	1.04–2.34					1.11–2.08
	P	ns	*	*	*	ns	ns		ns	*
Drug misuse	AOR				1.76	2.45
	95 % CIs				1.06–2.93	1.34–4.46
	P	ns	ns	ns	*	**	ns	ns	ns	ns
Incarceration	AOR			1.53				na
	95 % CIs			1.03–2.26
	P	ns	ns	*	ns	ns	ns		ns	ns

^aVariables represent the individual component questions in the SWEMWBS scale. ^bSWEMWBS (Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale) score <23; LS (life satisfaction) rating <6. Analysis used backward conditional logistic regression. Separate models were run for each SWEMWBS component, low SWEMWBS score and low LS. Models included ACE types significantly related to each outcome in bivariate analysis along with age, gender, IMD quintile of deprivation and ethnicity. na not applicable; variable not included in the model due to lack of relationship in bivariate analyses. For each ACE, the reference group is those that did not report the ACE. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ns not significant

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