Relationships between adverse childhood experiences and adult mental well-being: results from an English national household survey

Hughes, Karen; Lowey, Helen; Quigg, Zara; Bellis, Mark A.

doi:10.1186/s12889-016-2906-3

Table 3 Bivariate relationships between mental well-being measures and individual adverse childhood experience types

From: Relationships between adverse childhood experiences and adult mental well-being: results from an English national household survey

ACE	All	In the last two weeks, % never or rarely^a:							% with low^b:
ACE	All	Feeling optimistic	Feeling useful	Feeling relaxed	Dealing well with problems	Thinking clearly	Feeling close to others	Able to make up own mind	SWEMWBS score	LS
Physical abuse
No	85.7	11.6	7.2	13.0	5.6	3.0	4.2	2.3	11.1	9.6
Yes	14.3	20.5	15.6	23.9	10.1	6.5	11.9	3.9	24.2	23.2
P		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.020	<0.001	<0.001
Emotional abuse
No	82.7	11.9	7.1	12.6	5.5	3.0	3.9	2.2	10.7	9.3
Yes	17.3	17.6	14.7	24.0	9.8	5.8	11.9	4.0	24.0	22.2
P		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.007	<0.001	<0.001
Sexual abuse
No	93.8	12.2	7.9	13.6	5.7	3.0	4.8	2.3	11.7	10.4
Yes	6.2	23.4	16.7	28.9	14.2	10.9	13.0	6.7	33.2	28.9
P		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Parental separation
No	77.4	12.9	7.8	13.2	6.1	3.5	5.2	2.5	12.4	11.1
Yes	22.6	12.8	10.5	19.2	6.7	3.3	5.4	2.7	15.1	13.2
P		0.906	0.013	<0.001	0.486	0.744	0.880	0.657	0.040	0.084
Domestic violence
No	87.9	12.2	8.0	13.3	5.6	3.2	4.7	2.3	11.8	10.7
Yes	12.1	18.1	11.7	23.2	10.4	5.7	9.2	4.0	21.6	17.9
P		<0.001	0.006	<0.001	<0.001	0.004	<0.001	0.025	<0.001	<0.001
Mental illness
No	87.9	12.0	7.6	13.3	5.4	3.0	4.3	2.2	11.2	10.2
Yes	12.1	19.1	14.7	23.4	12.4	7.2	12.0	4.9	25.9	21.5
P		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Alcohol misuse
No	90.9	12.3	7.7	13.4	5.5	3.2	4.8	2.4	11.9	10.3
Yes	9.1	19.0	16.1	25.8	13.0	6.5	9.9	4.0	24.4	23.8
P		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.001	<0.001	0.070	<0.001	<0.001
Drug misuse
No	96.1	12.5	8.2	14.2	5.8	3.2	5.0	2.4	12.6	11.2
Yes	3.9	20.9	15.0	22.9	16.3	11.1	11.2	5.2	23.7	19.6
P		0.002	0.003	0.003	<0.001	<0.001	0.001	0.030	<0.001	0.001
Incarceration
No	95.9	12.5	8.1	13.9	5.9	3.3	5.0	2.5	12.5	11.1
Yes	4.1	21.5	17.1	28.5	13.9	7.0	12.0	2.5	24.7	22.2
P		0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.015	<0.001	0.995	<0.001	<0.001

^aVariables represent the individual component questions in the SWEMWBS scale. ^bSWEMWBS (Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale) score <23; LS (life satisfaction) rating <6

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