|
Characteristic
|
Controls (n = 72)
|
Cases (n = 75)
|
p value
|
|---|
|
Variables
|
n
|
Mean ± SD
|
n
|
Mean ± SD
| |
|
Age (years)
|
72
|
25.7 ± 5.3
|
75
|
25.4 ± 4.8
|
0.99 (0.93, 1.05)
|
|
Hemoglobin (g/L)
|
71
|
128.9 ± 10.1
|
75
|
123.9 ± 14.5
|
0.72 (0.55, 0.95)
|
| | |
Median ± IQR
| |
Median ± IQR
| |
|
Ferritin (μg/L)
|
72
|
27.35 ± 35.5
|
75
|
29.4 ± 39.7
|
1.14 (0.80, 1.61)
|
|
hs-CRP (mg/L)
|
63
|
0.71 ± 2.44
|
71
|
1.11 ± 2.57
|
1.20 (0.92, 1.55)
|
|
Water As (μg/L)
|
72
|
14.5 ± 48.4
|
74
|
37.7 ± 268.0
|
1.04 (0.92, 1.19)
|
|
Toenail As (μg/g)
|
71
|
1.58 ± 1.65
|
74
|
3.38 ± 8.55
|
1.88 (1.32, 2.68)
|
| | |
%
| |
%
| |
|
Body Mass Index (kg/m2)
|
|
<18.5
|
15
|
20.8
|
29
|
38.7
|
3.38 (0.85, 13.41)
|
|
18.5–24.9
|
50
|
69.4
|
42
|
56.0
|
2.30 (1.09, 4.85)
|
|
≥25
|
7
|
9.7
|
4
|
5.3
|
Ref.
|
|
Marital Status
|
|
Single/Unmarried
|
17
|
23.6
|
20
|
26.7
|
Ref.
|
|
Ever Married
|
55
|
76.4
|
55
|
73.3
|
0.85 (0.40, 1.79)
|
|
Education
|
|
No formal education
|
23
|
31.9
|
30
|
40.0
|
1.74 (0.86, 3.52)
|
|
Primary
|
5
|
6.94
|
12
|
16.0
|
0.54 (0.17, 1.76)
|
|
Secondary and above
|
44
|
61.11
|
33
|
44.0
|
Ref.
|
|
Chews betel nut
|
|
No
|
64
|
88.9
|
67
|
90.5
|
Ref.
|
|
Yes
|
8
|
11.1
|
7
|
9.5
|
1.05 (0.37, 2.96)
|
|
Water Arsenic
|
|
≤10 ug/L
|
30
|
41.7
|
35
|
46.7
|
Ref.
|
|
10–50 ug/L
|
24
|
33.3
|
10
|
13.3
|
2.80 (1.16, 6.78)
|
|
>50 ug/L
|
18
|
25.0
|
30
|
40.0
|
0.70 (0.33, 1.50)_
|
|
Inflammation
|
|
No (hs-CRP <10 mg/L)
|
65
|
90.3
|
68
|
90.7
|
Ref.
|
|
Yes (hs-CRP ≥10 mg/L)
|
7
|
9.7
|
7
|
9.3
|
1.05 (0.35, 3.15)
|
|
Iron depletion
|
|
No (ferritin >12 μg/L)
|
58
|
80.6
|
62
|
82.7
|
Ref.
|
|
Yes (ferritin ≤12 μg/L)
|
14
|
19.4
|
13
|
17.3
|
1.15 (0.50, 2.66)
|
|
Iron depletion w/inflammation
|
|
No
|
55
|
76.4
|
59
|
78.7
|
Ref.
|
|
Yes (ferritin ≤50 μg/L)
|
17
|
23.6
|
16
|
21.3
|
1.15 (0.50, 2.66)
|
|
Anemia
|
|
No (hemoglobin ≥120 g/L)
|
64
|
88.9
|
56
|
74.7
|
Ref.
|
|
Yes (hemoglobin <120 g/L)
|
8
|
11.1
|
19
|
25.3
|
2.71 (1.10, 6.68)
|
