What is positive youth development and how might it reduce substance use and violence? A systematic review and synthesis of theoretical literature

Table 1 Initial coding template

Themes	Codes and sub codes
Definition of PYD interventions	PYD versus prevention science/traditional youth programmes
	Definition in terms of developmental assets versus programme atmosphere
	Characteristics of programmes
Taxonomy	Individual versus environment/community emphasis
	Pro-social development versus critical conscious raising
	General ‘pile up’ of assets versus specific ‘molecular’ effects of specific assets on specific outcomes
Mechanism of action	Action on risk of SU/violence
Mechanism of action	Action on thriving
Possible moderation by context	Moderation by person/population
Possible moderation by context	Moderation by setting

ISSN: 1471-2458