Table 3 Changes in nutrient and food density, baseline to 10 years of follow-up

Fruits (g/1000 kcal)

128.8 (1.9)

141.5 (1.9)

12.7 (8.7, 16.6)

<0.001

Vegetables (g/1000 kcal)

212.3 (2.4)

237.9 (2.3)

25.6 (20.8, 30.5)

<0.001

Legumes (g/1000 kcal)

9.8 (0.1)

9.4 (0.1)

−0.4 (−0.7, −0.1)

0.01

Dairy products (g/1000 kcal)

 Low-fat dairy (g/1000 kcal)

80.0 (1.7)

111.6 (2.1)

31.6 (27.2, 36.1)

<0.001

 Whole fat dairy (g/1000 kcal)

99.1 (1.5)

56.4 (1.6)

−39.2 (−43.5, −34.9)

<0.001

Meats (g/1000 kcal)

81.2 (0.5)

77.9 (0.6)

−3.3 (−4.7, −2.0)

<0.001

 Red (g/1000 kcal)

37.2 (0.4)

31.8 (0.3)

−5.4 (−6.3, −4.6)

<0.001

 Lean (g/1000 kcal)

19.7 (0.3)

22.9 (0.3)

3.3 (2.6, 3.9)

<0.001

Fish (g/1000 kcal)

40.6 (0.4)

43.1 (0.5)

0.5 (1.5, 3.5)

<0.001

Whole grains (g/1000 kcal)

4.4 (0.2)

6.9 (0.3)

2.4 (1.8, 3.0)

<0.001

Refined grains (g/1000 kcal)

44.5 (0.6)

48.5 (0.5)

3.5 (2.4, 4.7)

<0.001

Olive oil (g/1000 kcal)

8.0 (0.1)

8.2 (0.1)

0.2 (−0.01, 0.5)

0.07

Nuts (g/1000 kcal)

2.7 (0.1)

4.2 (0.1)

1.5 (1.3, 1.8)

<0. 001

Sugared-sweetened beverages (g/1000 kcal)

21.7 (0.7)

8.9 (0.5)

−12.7 (−14.2, −11.3)

<0.001

Alcohol (g/1000 kcal)

3.1 (0.1)

3.3 (0.1)

0.2 (0.1, 0.4)

0.001

Wine (g/1000 kcal)

13.1 (0.5)

12.0 (0.5)

−1.2 (−2.2, 0.2)

0.02

Zn (mg/1000 kcal)

6.9 (2.9)

8.2 (5.5)

1.3 (1.1, 1.5)

<0.001

I (μg/1000 kcal)

143.0 (76.9)

136.0 (84.2)

−7.0 (−10.4, −3.7)

<0.001

Se (μg/1000 kcal)

42.3 (11.8)

42.6 (12.7)

0.3 (−0.2, 0.8)

0.229

Fe (mg/1000 kcal)

7.3 (1.9)

7.5 (1.7)

0.2 (0.1, 0.3)

<0.001

Ca (mg/1000 kcal)

510.7 (197.6)

514.9 (176.5)

4.2 (−2.8, 11.2)

0.241

K (mg/1000 kcal)

1965.0 (458.7)

2042.4 (503.4)

77.4 (59.4, 95.4)

<0.001

P (mg/1000 kcal)

821.4 (190.7)

830.8 (178.2)

9.4 (2.6, 16.2)

0.007

Mg (mg/1000 kcal)

172.3 (32.6)

181.7 (35.8)

9.5 (8.2, 10.8)

<0.001

Cr (μg/1000 kcal)

38.5 (11.2)

38.5 (12.0)

0.01 (−0.5, 0.5)

0.967

Vitamin B₁ (mg/1000 kcal)

0.8 (0.2)

0.8 (0.3)

0.03 (0.02, 0.04)

0.020

Vitamin B₂ (mg/1000 kcal)

1.0 (0.2)

1.0 (0.3)

0.0 (0.0, 0.0)

0.972

Vitamin B₃ (mg/1000 kcal)

18.3 (3.9)

18.5 (4.3)

0.2 (0.03, 0.4)

<0.001

Vitamin B₆ (mg/1000 kcal)

1.2 (0.3)

1.2 (0.4)

0.08 (0.06, 0.09)

<0.001

Vitamin B₁₂ (μg/1000 kcal)

4.2 (2.2)

3.9 (1.9)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

<0.001

Vitamin C (mg/1000 kcal)

113.0 (54.4)

122.9 (58.9)

9.8 (7.6, 12.0)

<0.001

Vitamin A (μg/1000 kcal)

778.0 (480.1)

844.1 (503.5)

66.2 (43.3, 86.0)

<0.001

Vitamin D (μg/1000 kcal)

1.6 (0.02)

1.3 (0.02)

−0.004 (−0.05, 0.04)

0.877

Vitamin E (mg/1000 kcal)

3.2 (0.03)

3.1 (0.03)

−0.04 (−0.1, 0.02)

0.139

Folic acid (μg/ 1000 kcal)

172.3 (36.8)

187.1 (109.1)

14.9 (10.9, 18.9)

<0.001