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Table 3 Changes in nutrient and food density, baseline to 10 years of follow-up
| Baseline | 10 years of follow-up | Change | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (95 % CI) | ||||
| N | 3036 | 3036 | ||
| Fruits (g/1000 kcal) | 128.8 (1.9) | 141.5 (1.9) | 12.7 (8.7, 16.6) | <0.001 |
| Vegetables (g/1000 kcal) | 212.3 (2.4) | 237.9 (2.3) | 25.6 (20.8, 30.5) | <0.001 |
| Legumes (g/1000 kcal) | 9.8 (0.1) | 9.4 (0.1) | −0.4 (−0.7, −0.1) | 0.01 |
| Dairy products (g/1000 kcal) | ||||
| Low-fat dairy (g/1000 kcal) | 80.0 (1.7) | 111.6 (2.1) | 31.6 (27.2, 36.1) | <0.001 |
| Whole fat dairy (g/1000 kcal) | 99.1 (1.5) | 56.4 (1.6) | −39.2 (−43.5, −34.9) | <0.001 |
| Meats (g/1000 kcal) | 81.2 (0.5) | 77.9 (0.6) | −3.3 (−4.7, −2.0) | <0.001 |
| Red (g/1000 kcal) | 37.2 (0.4) | 31.8 (0.3) | −5.4 (−6.3, −4.6) | <0.001 |
| Lean (g/1000 kcal) | 19.7 (0.3) | 22.9 (0.3) | 3.3 (2.6, 3.9) | <0.001 |
| Fish (g/1000 kcal) | 40.6 (0.4) | 43.1 (0.5) | 0.5 (1.5, 3.5) | <0.001 |
| Whole grains (g/1000 kcal) | 4.4 (0.2) | 6.9 (0.3) | 2.4 (1.8, 3.0) | <0.001 |
| Refined grains (g/1000 kcal) | 44.5 (0.6) | 48.5 (0.5) | 3.5 (2.4, 4.7) | <0.001 |
| Olive oil (g/1000 kcal) | 8.0 (0.1) | 8.2 (0.1) | 0.2 (−0.01, 0.5) | 0.07 |
| Nuts (g/1000 kcal) | 2.7 (0.1) | 4.2 (0.1) | 1.5 (1.3, 1.8) | <0. 001 |
| Sugared-sweetened beverages (g/1000 kcal) | 21.7 (0.7) | 8.9 (0.5) | −12.7 (−14.2, −11.3) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol (g/1000 kcal) | 3.1 (0.1) | 3.3 (0.1) | 0.2 (0.1, 0.4) | 0.001 |
| Wine (g/1000 kcal) | 13.1 (0.5) | 12.0 (0.5) | −1.2 (−2.2, 0.2) | 0.02 |
| Zn (mg/1000 kcal) | 6.9 (2.9) | 8.2 (5.5) | 1.3 (1.1, 1.5) | <0.001 |
| I (μg/1000 kcal) | 143.0 (76.9) | 136.0 (84.2) | −7.0 (−10.4, −3.7) | <0.001 |
| Se (μg/1000 kcal) | 42.3 (11.8) | 42.6 (12.7) | 0.3 (−0.2, 0.8) | 0.229 |
| Fe (mg/1000 kcal) | 7.3 (1.9) | 7.5 (1.7) | 0.2 (0.1, 0.3) | <0.001 |
| Ca (mg/1000 kcal) | 510.7 (197.6) | 514.9 (176.5) | 4.2 (−2.8, 11.2) | 0.241 |
| K (mg/1000 kcal) | 1965.0 (458.7) | 2042.4 (503.4) | 77.4 (59.4, 95.4) | <0.001 |
| P (mg/1000 kcal) | 821.4 (190.7) | 830.8 (178.2) | 9.4 (2.6, 16.2) | 0.007 |
| Mg (mg/1000 kcal) | 172.3 (32.6) | 181.7 (35.8) | 9.5 (8.2, 10.8) | <0.001 |
| Cr (μg/1000 kcal) | 38.5 (11.2) | 38.5 (12.0) | 0.01 (−0.5, 0.5) | 0.967 |
| Vitamin B1 (mg/1000 kcal) | 0.8 (0.2) | 0.8 (0.3) | 0.03 (0.02, 0.04) | 0.020 |
| Vitamin B2 (mg/1000 kcal) | 1.0 (0.2) | 1.0 (0.3) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | 0.972 |
| Vitamin B3 (mg/1000 kcal) | 18.3 (3.9) | 18.5 (4.3) | 0.2 (0.03, 0.4) | <0.001 |
| Vitamin B6 (mg/1000 kcal) | 1.2 (0.3) | 1.2 (0.4) | 0.08 (0.06, 0.09) | <0.001 |
| Vitamin B12 (μg/1000 kcal) | 4.2 (2.2) | 3.9 (1.9) | −0.3 (−0.3, −0.2) | <0.001 |
| Vitamin C (mg/1000 kcal) | 113.0 (54.4) | 122.9 (58.9) | 9.8 (7.6, 12.0) | <0.001 |
| Vitamin A (μg/1000 kcal) | 778.0 (480.1) | 844.1 (503.5) | 66.2 (43.3, 86.0) | <0.001 |
| Vitamin D (μg/1000 kcal) | 1.6 (0.02) | 1.3 (0.02) | −0.004 (−0.05, 0.04) | 0.877 |
| Vitamin E (mg/1000 kcal) | 3.2 (0.03) | 3.1 (0.03) | −0.04 (−0.1, 0.02) | 0.139 |
| Folic acid (μg/ 1000 kcal) | 172.3 (36.8) | 187.1 (109.1) | 14.9 (10.9, 18.9) | <0.001 |
