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Table 2 Results of multivariable analysis: factors associated with self-reported non fatal overdose within the last 12 months among current injection drug users in Kohtla-Järve, Estonia (in 2012) and St Petersburg, Russia (in 2012–2013)

From: Non-fatal overdoses and related risk factors among people who inject drugs in St. Petersburg, Russia and Kohtla-Järve, Estonia

 

Kohtla-Järve (Estonia)

St Petersburg (Russia)

AORKJ/AORSP

 

AOR* (95 % CI)

AOR* (95 % CI)

 

Duration of injecting (10+ years)

2.77 (1.55–5.08)***

1.59 (0.87–3.03)

1.75 (0.72–4.23)

Injecting frequency (daily)

1.44 (0.91–2.27)

1.75 (1.14–2.69)**

0.82 (0.44–1.54)

Main drug injected (opioid)1

1.70 (1.06–2.72)**

1.61 (0.36–15.39)

1.05 (0.10–10.60)

Sharing

2.65 (1.60–4.40)***

3.09 (1.84–5.40)***

0.86 (0.40–1.83)

Problem alcohol use

1.92 (1.25–2.96)***

2.23 (1.35–3.81) ***

0.86 (0.43–1.72)

  1. *OR adjusted for age, sex, main source of income last 6 months, injecting multiple drugs last 4 weeks, non-injecting drug use last 4 weeks, ever been in prison, ever received drug treatment, main source of syringes last 4 weeks, ever tested for HIV, HIV infected
  2. **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01
  3. 1Using fentanyl or heroin in Kohtla-Järve and fentanyl, heroin or methadone in St. Petersburg defined as ‘opioids as main drug used’ (vs amphetamine use as a reference group at both sites)
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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